Yui - Invidious

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Yui

Here’s a full, elaborate yet easy-to-understand explanation of the Battle of Buxar (1764) based on the textbook images you’ve shared:

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⚔️ Battle of Buxar (1764)

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📌 Background:

After the Battle of Plassey (1757), the British East India Company gained huge influence in Bengal.
Mir Jafar was made the Nawab, but later replaced by Mir Qasim, who tried to act independently of the British.

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😠 Why did the Battle Happen?

Mir Qasim:

Wanted to be free from British control.

Dismissed court officials who supported the Company.

Hired European experts to train his army.

Abolished taxes on internal trade, which made Indian merchants equal to British traders → British hated this because it ended their trade monopoly.

➡️ This made the British angry, and they decided to remove Mir Qasim.

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🤝 Alliances Formed:

Mir Qasim fled to Awadh and formed a powerful alliance:

Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh)

Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor)

Together, they formed a joint army to fight against the British East India Company.

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📅 The Battle:

Date: 22 October 1764

Place: Buxar, on the banks of the Ganga River in Bihar

The combined Indian armies fought the British forces led by Major Hector Munro.

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💥 Result of the Battle:

The Indian alliance was defeated.

The British emerged as clear victors.

This battle confirmed British military superiority in India.

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📜 Consequences (Very Important):

1. Treaty with Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor):

The Mughal emperor gave the Company the Diwani (right to collect revenue and taxes) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

2. Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh):

Was forced to pay 50 lakh rupees as war compensation to the Company.

3. Mir Qasim was deposed, and Mir Jafar was made the Nawab again (but under Company’s control).

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📍 Significance of the Battle of Buxar:

It was a turning point in Indian history.

The British East India Company became the real ruler of Bengal.

It laid the foundation of British political control in India.

The Indian rulers became puppets, and the Company controlled revenue and military power.

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Let me know if you'd like this converted into a Q&A format, notes format, or want help understanding Dual Government (which is also mentioned in the second image).

2 months ago | [YT] | 3

View 5 replies

Yui

Perfect! Based on your textbook pages, here are clear explanations for both Awadh and Judiciary:

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🟧 Awadh (Annexation by the British)

Who ruled Awadh?
Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.

What did the British (especially Lord Dalhousie) do?
In 1856, Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh, using the excuse of misgovernance.
He claimed that the Nawab misruled the region and was unwilling to introduce reforms.

What was the real reason?
Awadh had a strategic location, and many Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British army were from there.
By annexing Awadh, the British wanted to strengthen their control and reduce chances of rebellion.

What happened after annexation?

There was widespread unrest.

Indian soldiers felt betrayed and insulted, leading to growing anger, which became one of the causes of the 1857 Revolt.

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🟩 Judiciary (Under British Rule)

Before British rule:
Indians followed local customs and traditional laws.

Changes introduced by the British:

They established civil and criminal courts (like diwani and faujdari adalats).

They created uniform laws and brought everything under a formal legal system.

A Law Commission was set up in 1833 to codify Indian laws.

Indian Penal Code (IPC):
It was formed as a common criminal law, aiming for ‘One Law for All’ (rule of law).

But was it fair?
No.

In reality, Europeans and Indians were still tried in separate courts, so the idea of equality was not truly practiced.

British judges were often biased and showed preference to Europeans.

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Let me know if you want these in your own notes format or a short Q&A style!