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Gk Achievers

🛑CTET Exam - ā§° āφāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ Revision āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦ āϞāĻ—āĻž CDP- ā§° Topics āϕ⧇āχāϟāĻž 👇

✅Key Theorists & Concepts:

👉​Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development):
​4 Stages: Sensorimotor (0–2 yrs), Preoperational (2–7 yrs), Concrete Operational (7–11 yrs), Formal Operational (11+ yrs).
​Key terms: Schema, Assimilation, Accommodation, Equilibration, Conservation, Egocentrism.

👉​Lev Vygotsky (Sociocultural Theory):
​Learning happens through social interaction and language.
​Key terms: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), Scaffolding (temporary support), More Knowledgeable Other (MKO), Private Speech.

👉​Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral Development):
​3 Levels / 6 Stages: Pre-conventional (Punishment/Obedience), Conventional (Good boy/Nice girl, Law & Order), Post-conventional (Social Contract, Universal Ethics).

👉​Howard Gardner (Multiple Intelligences):
​Proposed 8 distinct types of intelligence (Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic).

👉​Noam Chomsky (Language Acquisition):
​Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and Universal Grammar — children are born with an innate capacity for language.

👉 Progressive Education

👉Convergent and Divergent Thinking

​👉 Inclusive Education & Special Needs (High Weightage)
​Concept: Educating all children together in the same classroom regardless of physical, cognitive, or socio-economic background.

👉​Learning Disabilities:
​Dyslexia: Difficulty in reading.
​Dysgraphia: Difficulty in writing.
​Dyscalculia: Difficulty with math calculations.
​Dyspraxia: Motor skill coordination issues.
​ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (inattention, impulsivity).
​Autism (ASD): Challenges with social interaction and communication.

​👉Growth & Development Principles
​Growth vs. Development: Growth is quantitative/physical; Development is qualitative, continuous, and multi-dimensional.
​Cephalocaudal: Development proceeds from head to toe.
​Proximodistal: Development proceeds from center/core outward to extremities.

👉​Nature vs. Nurture: Development is the product of continuous interaction between Heredity (Nature) and Environment (Nurture) (Development = Heredity \times Environment).

​👉 Assessment & Evaluation
​Formative Assessment (FA): Assessment FOR learning (ongoing, diagnostic, provides feedback during instruction).
​Summative Assessment (SA): Assessment OF learning (end-of-term evaluation, grading).
​Assessment AS Learning: Self-assessment and peer reflection by the learner.

👉​CCE (Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation): Evaluates scholastic and co-scholastic aspects holistically.

​👉Frameworks & Policies
✅​NEP 2020: 5+3+3+4 structural framework replacing 10+2; emphasizes foundational literacy, conceptual understanding, and competency-based assessment.

✅​NCF 2005: Connects knowledge to life outside school; moves away from rote learning; shifts teacher role from instructor to Facilitator.

✅​RTE Act 2009: Free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years (Article 21A).

4 days ago | [YT] | 14

Gk Achievers

🛑 CTET - āϤ ⧍/ā§Š āύāĻŽā§āĻŦā§° āĻāχ āϟāĻĒāĻŋāϕ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻž 100% āφāĻšāĻŋāĻŦ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϧāĻžā§°āĻŖāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻšā§ˆ āϞāĻ“āρāĻ• 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Lawrence Kohelberg's Moral Development Theory👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

✅Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory:

​Developed in the 1950s-70s, influenced by Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory. Kohlberg studied how people reason about moral dilemmas (not just what they decide) --- Moral Development refers to the process through which individuals learn to distinguish right from wrong, good from bad, just from unjust, and develop the ability to act according to moral principles, values, and social norms ---

​He proposed that moral reasoning develops in six stages, grouped under three levels -
​His famous research used the "Heinz Dilemma" (a man stealing medicine for his sick wife) to analyze moral reasoning ----

✅​Three Levels & Six Stages of Moral Development:

👉​Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality (common in children, Age 4 to 10)
Focus: Self-interest, rewards, avoiding punishment, seeking rewards. Morality is externally controlled. --

🔴​Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Right = what avoids punishment. Authority figures are obeyed unquestioningly. Example: A child does not hit others because they fear being punished

🔴​Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange (Instrumental Purpose Orientation)
Right, what benefits the self. Fairness is understood in terms of equal exchange. Example: A child shares food only if a friend promises to share toys in return

👉​Level 2: Conventional Morality (adolescents & many adults)
Focus: Social rules, expectations, maintaining relationships, and law & order. Morality is tied to social approval.

🔴​Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships (Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation)
Right = living up to expectations, being a "good" person. Intention and approval from others matter. Example: A teenager helps a friend because they want to be seen as kind and caring.

🔴​Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order (Law and Order Orientation)
Right = fulfilling duty, respecting authority, maintaining social order. Laws are seen as fixed rules for everyone's benefit. Example: An adult obeys traffic rules strictly because laws keep society safe.

👉​Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality (some adults, not all reach this level)
Focus: Universal principles, justice, human rights, ethical values beyond laws. Morality is self-chosen

🔴​Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Laws are important but flexible. Justice and human rights are more important than rigid laws. Example: Citizens may protest against an unjust law that violates fundamental rights

🔴​Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles
Right = based on abstract principles (justice, equality, human dignity). These principles apply to all humanity, even if they conflict with laws or authority. Example: Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. acted according to universal principles of justice even when laws opposed them ----

🛑​Criticism of Kohlberg's Theory:

👉​Cultural Bias: Developed using Western male samples, less applicable to non-Western societies ---
👉​Overemphasis on Justice: Theory focuses mainly on justice and rights. Ignores other moral values such as care, responsibility, empathy, spirituality ---

👉​Gender Bias (Carol Gilligan's Critique): Kohlberg's study was based mainly on boys/men. Carol Gilligan argued that women reason more on care, compassion, and relationships, while Kohlberg emphasized justice and rules.

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āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžā§ą āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰⧰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύāϤ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻž āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ⧰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻ—ā§ąā§‡āώāĻŖāĻžāϤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ "āĻšāĻžāχāĻžā§āϜ⧰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž" (Heinz Dilemma - āĻāϜāύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻšā§‡ āϤ⧇āĻ“āρ⧰ ā§°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āύ⧀⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ”āώāϧ āϚ⧁⧰āĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻž) āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšā§ˆāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

✅āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļā§° āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻž āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ (Three Levels & Six Stages of Moral Development):

👉āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰ ā§§: āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻ•-āĻĒā§°āĻŽā§āĻĒā§°āĻžāĻ—āϤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž (Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality - ā§Ē ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇)
āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨ, āĻĒ⧁⧰āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžā§°, āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§°āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§‹ā§ąāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āĻĒ⧁⧰āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžā§°āĻžāĨ¤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžā§ąā§‡ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§: āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāϤāĻž āφ⧰⧁ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝ (Obedience and Punishment Orientation)
āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ = āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻā§°āĻžāχ āϚāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ āύāϕ⧰āĻžāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ āϚāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ā§ąā§‡ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāϞ⧈ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰āĻŋ āφāύāĻ• āĻĒā§ā§°āĻšāĻžā§° āĻŦāĻž āφāϘāĻžāϤ āύāϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ⧍: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāϝāĻŧ (Individualism and Exchange / Instrumental Purpose Orientation)
āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ = āϝāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāϜ⧰ āϞāĻžāĻ­ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻĒā§°āĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§° āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ⧰⧇ āĻŦ⧁āϜāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ā§ąā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡ā§ąāϞ āϤ⧇āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āϕ⧰⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϜāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻļā§ā§°ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤

👉āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰ ⧍: āĻĒā§°āĻŽā§āĻĒā§°āĻžāĻ—āϤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž (Level 2: Conventional Morality - āĻ•āĻŋāĻļā§‹ā§°-āĻ•āĻŋāĻļā§‹ā§°ā§€ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ•)
āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ: āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ, āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž, āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ• ā§°āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϕ⧰āĻž āφ⧰⧁ āφāχāύ-āĻļ⧃āĻ‚āĻ–āϞāĻž āĻŦāϜāĻžāχ ā§°āĻ–āĻžāĨ¤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Š: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāσāĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§°ā§āĻ• / āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ˛â€™ā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ›ā§‹ā§ąāĻžāϞ⧀āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝ (Good Interpersonal Relationships / Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation)
āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ = āĻĒā§ā§°āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻœā§€āϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž, āĻāϜāύ "āĻ­āĻžāϞ" āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻžāĨ¤ āφāύ⧰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāϜāύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻļ⧋⧰⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϜāύāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧰⧇ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āϤ⧇āĻ“āρāϞ⧋āĻ• āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§€āϞ āφ⧰⧁ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ē: āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻļ⧃āĻ™ā§āĻ–āϞāĻž ā§°āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϕ⧰āĻž / āφāχāύ-āĻļ⧃āĻ‚āĻ–āϞāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻ•āĻžā§°ā§āϝ (Maintaining Social Order / Law and Order Orientation)
āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ = āĻ•ā§°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āϕ⧰āĻž, āĻ•ā§°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻļā§ā§°āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϕ⧰āĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻļ⧃āĻ™ā§āĻ–āϞāĻž āĻŦāϜāĻžāχ ā§°āĻ–āĻžāĨ¤ āφāχāύāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšāĻ• āϏāĻ•āϞ⧋⧰⧇ āωāĻĒāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻŋā§°ā§āϧāĻžā§°āĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āĻšā§‹ā§ąāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻāϜāύ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŸā§ā§°ā§‡āĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻĒā§‹āύāĻĒāĻŸā§€āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ ⤚⤞āĨ‡ āĻ•āĻžā§°āĻŖ āφāχāύ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻ• āϏ⧁⧰āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ ā§°āĻžāϖ⧇āĨ¤

👉āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰ ā§Š: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰-āĻĒā§°āĻŽā§āĻĒā§°āĻžāĻ—āϤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž (Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality - āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§ā§°āĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ•, āϏāĻ•āϞ⧋ āĻāχ āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧰āϤ āωāĻĒāύ⧀āϤ āύāĻšāϝāĻŧ)
āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ: āϏāĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāϜāύ⧀āύ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ, āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§°, āφāχāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋā§°ā§° āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻŦā§‹āϧāĨ¤ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚-āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āύāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ģ: āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϚ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° (Social Contract and Individual Rights)
āφāχāύ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āύāĻŽāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻĸāĻŧāĻž āφāχāύāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚ā§°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āύāĻžāĻ—ā§°āĻŋāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§° āωāϞāĻ‚āϘāĻž āϕ⧰āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāχāύ⧰ āĻŦāĻŋ⧰⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻĒā§ā§°āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‡āĨ¤

🔴āĻĒā§°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ŧ: āϏāĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāϜāύ⧀āύ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ (Universal Ethical Principles)
āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ = āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚ā§°ā§āϤ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āφāϧāĻžā§°āĻŋāϤ (āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏāĻŽāϤāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ą āĻŽā§°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž)āĨ¤ āĻāχ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ąāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§ā§°āϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ, āφāύāĻ•āĻŋ āφāχāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧰ āϏ⧈āϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˜ā§°ā§āώāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“āĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀, āĻŽāĻžā§°ā§āϟāĻŋāύ āϞ⧁āĻĨāĻžā§° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚ āϜ⧁āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§°ā§‡ āφāχāύ āĻŦāĻŋā§°ā§‹āϧ⧀ āĻš'āϞ⧇āĻ“ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§° āϏāĻžā§°ā§āĻŦāϜāύ⧀āύ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏ⧰āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

✅āĻ•'āϞāĻŦāĻžā§°ā§āĻ—ā§° āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž (Criticism of Kohlberg's Theory):
👉āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ (Cultural Bias): āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒ⧁⧰⧁āώ⧰ āύāĻŽā§āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšāĻžā§° āϕ⧰āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻŋāϤ āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇, āϝāĻŋ āĻ…-āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāϤ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§ā§°āϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝāĨ¤

👉āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ…āϤāĻŋā§°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ (Overemphasis on Justice): āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŸā§‹ā§ąā§‡ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤāσ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§°ā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āφ⧰⧋āĻĒ āϕ⧰⧇āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ, āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ, āϏāĻšāĻžāύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ, āφāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻžā§° āĻĻ⧰⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻ…ā§ąāĻšā§‡āϞāĻž āϕ⧰āĻž āĻšā§ˆāϛ⧇āĨ¤

👉āϞāĻŋāĻ‚āĻ— āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ - āϕ⧇⧰āϞ āĻ—āĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž [Gender Bias (Carol Gilligan's Critique)]: āĻ•'āϞāĻŦāĻžā§°ā§āĻ—ā§° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤāσ āϞ'ā§°āĻž/āĻĒ⧁⧰⧁āώ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āφāϧāĻžā§°āĻŋāϤ āφāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϕ⧇⧰āϞ āĻ—āĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāχ āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ, āϏāĻšāĻžāύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ āφ⧰⧁ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§°ā§āϕ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇, āφāύāĻšāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ•'āϞāĻŦāĻžā§°ā§āϗ⧇ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφ⧰⧁ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āϗ⧁⧰⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

#ctetcdp
#kohelbergmoraldevelopment
#ctetpreparation

5 days ago | [YT] | 17

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🛑 CTET September 2026 - ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧇ Concept āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ…' āύ⧇ Practice Questions āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžā§°ā§‡ āϜāύāĻžāĻŦ 🙏

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CTET ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻļā§āύ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰ āϕ⧰⧋āϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āχāϟāĻž āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĻŦ👇
āϝāĻŋāĻŦā§‹ā§° āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰āϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻ• āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāϞ⧈ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝ āϕ⧰āĻž, āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§ā§°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āϤ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻŋ ā§°āĻ–āĻžā§° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϏ⧇āχāĻŦā§‹ā§° āϭ⧁āϞ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧰āĨ¤ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋā§ąā§°ā§āϤ⧇ āϏāĻ•ā§ā§°āĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻšāĻŖ (active participation), āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§ā§°āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž (inclusive education), āφ⧰⧁ āĻ—āĻ āύāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž (critical thinking) āφāĻĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŦā§‹ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āύāĻŋ āϕ⧰āĻŋāĻŦāĨ¤

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āϕ⧋āύ āϕ⧋āύ āϜāĻŋāϞāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž videos āϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āĻŽā§‡āĻŖā§āϟāϤ āϜāύāĻžāĻŦāĻšā§‹āύ đŸĨ°Jorhat āϜāĻŋāϞāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻĒā§‹āύāĻžāϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āφāϛ⧇ āφāĻĒā§‹āύāĻžāϞ⧋āĻ•āĻ• āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϞāĻ— āϕ⧰āĻŋ CTET/GT/PGT TET related āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋâ€ĻāĨ¤
āφāĻĒā§‹āύāĻžāϞ⧋āϕ⧰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āϜāύāĻžāĻŦđŸĨ°

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āĻœā§€ā§ąāύ⧰ āφāϟāĻžāχāϤāĻ•ā§ˆ āϧ⧁āύ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻŸā§‹ āĻšâ€™āĻ˛â€” āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻŋāϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ• āύāϤ⧁āύāĻ•ā§ˆ āĻ—āĻĸāĻŧāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§‹āρđŸĨ°đŸŒ¸đŸŒ¸đŸŒ¸

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A student shows the following signs in the classroom:
â€ĸ Anxiety around reading
â€ĸ Difficulty in recognizing words or letters
â€ĸ Poor vocabulary skills
â€ĸ Difficulty with understanding or remembering what was read

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🛑 CDP Booklist 📚 āϚāĻžāϞ⧇āύ⧇?

https://youtu.be/KRCjBCG2Mmw

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Q. Choose the correct option 👇and comment below-

'Zone of proximal development' is –
(a) the area between a child's current level of independent performance and the level of performance that the child could achieve with the help of adults and more skilled peers.
(b) a range of tasks that the child should be able to do as per her age but cannot.
(c) the process where two individuals who begin with different understandings arrive at a shared understanding.
(d) the process in which children learn to perform tasks as set by the elder members in a society.

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