Versailles, Lenin and Mussolini — Europe Before the Fall

24/30 - The Business Cycle - Why Growth and Crisis Repeat

39/62 - Hume – Causality as Habit (1711–1776 CE)

China — The Century of Humiliation and Mao's Revolution

23/30 - Inflation – When Money Shrinks

To Be Is to Be Perceived - Berkeley

Why World War I Became Inevitable (1871–1914)

22/30 - Interest Rate – The Price of Time and Risk

John Locke — Property, Consent and Natural Rights

The Concert of Europe and the Unification of Germany (1815–1871)

Credit and Debt — Two Sides of Borrowing Time

Hobbes vs Rousseau — Two Myths of the Social Contract

The French Revolution and Napoleon — When Reason Took Power

What Investment Actually Is — Saving Under Uncertainty

Rousseau and the State of Nature — Why Civilisation Corrupts Us

Peter the Great, Sweden and the Fall of Poland (1598–1760)

Saving – Moving Value Through Time

Hobbes and the Leviathan — Why Fear Built the State

The Thirty Years' War and the Birth of Westphalia (1525–1650)

Money – A Tool for Carrying Value

What Machiavelli Actually Said in The Prince

The Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Scramble for Africa (1500–1900)

17/30 – Profit and Loss – Feedback, Not Moral Reward

32/62 Nicholas of Cusa - Learned Ignorance as Knowing God (1401–1464 CE)

38/50 – Collision of Worlds (1492–1600)

16/30 – Entrepreneurship – Discovering What Others Do Not Yet See

31/62 - Confrontation: Augustine–Averroes–Aquinas

37/50 – Europe at the Turning Point – 1350 – 1525 CE

15/30 – Competition – The Discipline Behind the Market

30/62 - Thomas Aquinas: Theology as the Science of Final Causes (13th century CE)

36/50 - Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal - (1300 – 1900 CE)

14/30 – Price – A Signal, Not a Verdict

29/62 Thomas Aquinas: Natural Law and the Hierarchy of Being (13th century CE)

35/50 – Southeast Asia (1200 – 1800 CE) - Islam, Trade and the Maritime World

13/30 – Supply – The Response That Is Never Free

28/62 Thomas Aquinas: Fides et Ratio – The Rationality of Faith (1225–1274 CE)

34/50 – Japan – The Warrior Order and the Mastery of Modernity (1185–1905 CE)

12/30 – Demand – When Desire Is Not Enough

27/62 Bonaventure and the Limits of Reason - Tension before synthesis (13th century)

33/50 – India – Sultanates, Mughals, Company Raj – 1206–1858 CE

11/30 – The Market – Order Among Strangers

26/62 Abelard and the University – When Dispute Became a Machine of Truth

32/50 - Divergent Europes – 1050 – 1356 CE

10/30 – Exchange – When Two Worlds Intersect

25/62 Anselm of Canterbury – Faith Seeking Understanding (11th Century)

31/50 - China (960 – 1644 CE) – Song–Ming

9/30 – Property – The Right to Decide

24/62 Averroes – The Arabic Aristotle and the Debate on Double Truth (1126–1198 CE)

30/50 - Africa (900 – 1500 CE) – The Swahili Coast

8/30 – Productivity – When the Same Effort Produces Different Worlds

23/62 Augustine – Time, Memory, and Evil (354–430 CE)

29/50 - Persia (819 – 1500 CE) – Samanids, Ghaznavids, Timurids

7/30 – Labour – Turning Knowledge, Skill, Time and Energy into Goods

22/62 Boethius – Happiness in Misfortune (c. 480–524 CE)

28/50 - The Struggle for Rome – Europe’s New Foundations (800 – 1050 CE)

6/30 – Time and Time Preference – Why the Present Always Wins (At First)

21/62 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite – The Mysticism of Light and Negative Theology (5th–6th c. CE)

27/50 - Africa (800 – 1600 CE) – Sahel – Ghana, Mali, Songhai

5/30 – Risk – The Asymmetry Nobody Likes to See

20/62 Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism – Spirit as the Principle of Reality (1st c. BCE – 3rd c. CE