ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION, APG I II III IV, Principles, Merits

Taxonomy & Systematics, Identification Nomenclature Artificial Natural & Phylogenetic Classification

Ecosystem Stability Ecological Resistance Ecological Resilience Perturbation plant invasion

Study of physical / abiotic factors in Ecology; Light Temperature Water Soil Edaphic, Biotic factors

Plant / Ecological adaptations #ecology xerophytic adaptations, hydrophytic adaptations, meosphytic

Biogeographical zones of India,Phytogeographic Zones /Botanical province / Floristic region of India

Energy flow model, #energyflow #ecology Lindeman energy flow model, 10% low of Lindeman

Ecological Pyramids; Pyramid of number biomass and energy #trophiclevel Significance & Limitations

Trophic organisation, Trophic levels, #foodchain #foodweb, Grazing, Detritus,& parasitic food chain

Ecosystem Structure / Component, Types & Function #ecosystem Biotic and Abiotic factors.

Economic importance of Gymnosperms #gymnosperms as a Timber, Resins, Paper, Food and Medicines.

Ephedra life cycle #gymnosperms #bscbotany morphology, anatomy, reproduction male &female strobilus

Pinus Life Cycle #pinus morphology anatomy (root, stem, leaf) reproduction male cone female cone

General characteristics of Gymnosperms #gymnosperms , origin, morphology, anatomy, root, stem leaves

Economic Importance of Pteridophytes #pteridophytes , food, biofertilizer, ecological indicators

Equisetum life cycle; morphology anatomy, reproduction, antheridia, #bscbotany #pteridophytes

Psilotum life cycle morphology, anatomy, reproduction). #bscbotany #pteridophytes

Selaginella complete life cycle, morphology, reproduction #pteridophyta #bsc1stsemester #bscbotany

Pteridophytes General Characteristics in Hindi with notes #bscbotany #1stsemester #pteridophytes

Community characteristics (analytical characters, synthetic characters) #bscbotany #1stsemester

Cycas Life Cycle(morphology anatomy reproduction) #bscbotany #1stsemesterexam #gymnosperms

B. Sc 1st semester botany most important topics/ questions. #bscbotany #1stsemesterexam #botany

Economic Importance of Bryophytes as medicines, food #bscbotany #bryophytes #1stsemesterexam

Funaria life cycle, Development of sporophyte, antheridia and archegonia #bsc1stsemester #bryophytes

Funaria Life Cycle, Gametophyte, Sexual reproduction, Fertilization, #funaria #bryophytes #bscbotany

Biogeochemical Cycles #nitrogencycle #carboncycle Oxygen, Phosphorous & Sulphur Cycle #bscbotany

Phosphorous Cycle, फॉस्फोरस परिचालन, #bscbotany #neet #ecology #upsc Biogeochemical cycle

Carbon Cycle #biogeochemicalcycle कार्बन चक्र #bscbotany #neet #carboncycle

Nitrogen Cycle Nitrification assimilation Ammonification #nitrogenfixation #nitrogencycle #ecology

Species Interactions, Commensalism, Protocooperation, Mutualism, Neutralism (positive Part II)

Species Interactions: Competition, Amensalism, Parasitism, Predation (negative Part I)

J and S shape Growth Curve Exponential/Geometric and Logistic /Sigmoid Population Growth Curve

Population Characteristics, Population Size & Density, Natality, Mortality, Sex Ratio, Age Structure

Habitat, Niche, Guilds, Ecological equivalents Fundamental niche Realized Niche Trophic Niche

Introduction to Ecology Definition, #ecology #bsc Ecosystem, level of organization in ecology

Anthoceros Life Cycle, Classification, Thallus structure, Reproduction, Sporophyte

Marchantia Life Cycle Systematic Position Occurrence Reproduction Thallus Structure Sporophyte

General Character of Bryophytes Amphibians Land adaptations Hepaticopsida Anthocerotopsida Bryopsida

Economic Importance of Fungi Role in Medicine, Agriculture, Food Industry. Poisonous mushroom

Economic Importance of Viruses, diseases control, pest control, #virus plant and animal diseases

Economic Importance of Bacteria, nitrogen fixation, #bacteria dairy industry, sewage disposal,

Economic Importance of Algae agar-agar, Diatomite, #algae as food, Carrageenin, Alginates

Ectocarpus Life Cycle OCCURRENCE THALLUS STRUCTURE CELL STRUCTURE REPRODUCTION LIFE CYCLE

Mycoplasmas, PPLO, Joker of microbiology. #mycoplasma

Nostoc life cycle, Morphology, Reproduction #algae #1stsemexam Thallus Structure Akinetes

Virus, Virion, Viroids, Virusoids, Prions, Difference between plant and animal virus.

Economic Importance of Lichens, as food, perfume, #lichen medicines, spices, pollution indicators

Lichens structure and reproduction Crustose ,#lichens Foliose and Fruticose Lichen, Soredium

Alternaria solani life cycle, early blight of potato, symptoms, mycelium, conidia, diseases cycle

Agaricus Mushroom, Vegetative structure, Reproduction,#mushroom Life cycle, Clamp connection.

Morchella or Morels or Guchhi, Vegetative Structure,#morchella Ascocarp, Reproduction, Life cycle,

Courses & Jobs opportunities for graduates, B.Sc, B.A & B.com #careerguidance

Rhizopus life cycle, vegetative structure,#fungi #bsc #1stsemexam asexual and sexual reproduction

Fungi general characters, hyphae, mycelium,#fungi heterothallism, reproduction, cell wall chitin,

Conjugation, transformation, transduction, Genetic recombination or Sexual reproduction in Bacteria

Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria, Binary Fission, Budding, Cysts, Segmentation, Endospore, Conidia

Bacteria structure and function #bacteria structure of bacteria, discovery,

Bacteriophage; Discovery, Structure, Life Cycle (Lytic Cycle Lysogenic) Economic importance

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Structure, Source and Transmission, Diseases Cycle, Symptoms, Control.

Virus General Structure Nucleic Acid, #virus Capsid, Envelope, Enzyme, General Structure of Virus,