7. 有什么豁免？如果不符合上述例外，办I-485的人还可以提交I-601豁免申请，需要（1）是美国公民的父母，配偶，或兄弟姐妹；或者是绿卡持有人的配偶或子女；（2）不是对美国安全的威胁（包括犯罪记录，对公共卫生/知识产权/信息安全/政府安全的威胁等等）；（3）符合豁免的条件warrants a favorable exercise of discretion，根据I-601表的说明，在这方面会考虑家庭团聚，已经在美国居住的时间，职业，家人的需要，人道因素等。
（1）文件提到，如果有人举报，包括看到数据库/名单/缴费纪录/开会纪录之类证词，可以确认组织成员身份Membership may be established by evidence that the alien was issued a membership card, paid dues to the organization, or even based on witness testimony regarding an alien’s membership in the organization (including seeing an alien’s name on membership records, dues records, and testimony regarding meeting attendance)
（2）如果绿卡申请人曾经在军队做政治工作或者担任较高职位，或者在政府工作，不管自己是否提到，都会更有可能被认为有Affiliation to the party；
（3）关于meaningful，如果了解组织的政治性质就算an alien’s knowledge or awareness of a communist or totalitarian party’s political nature is sufficient to establish that an alien’s membership is meaningful
9. 移民官有澄清事实的职责： Membership or affiliation is a question of fact for the officer to determine.
If there is any adverse, third-party information in the record, then the officer conducting an interview is generally expected to confront the applicant with the information and resolve the issue at the time of the interview.
10. 申请人有举证的责任：The burden of proof to establish admissibility when seeking an immigration benefit is always on the applicant. 移民官有可能根据材料发出NOID For example, investigative reports, reports from informants, school record, or employment records not provided by the applicant. 申请人需要及时回复 An applicant who fails to meet the burden of proof is inadmissible for being a member or affiliate of the Communist or any other totalitarian party, unless the applicant is able to successfully rebut the officer’s inadmissibility finding. 可以提交Appeal或Motion上诉If USCIS has made a decision on the application, the applicant may provide new facts for consideration by seeking a motion to reopen. To do so, the applicant must file a Notice of Appeal or Motion (Form I-290B).
11. 对例外条件的解释说明：（1）非自愿Membership or affiliation is considered involuntary when it is the result of factors such as coercion, fraud, duress, incapacity, or some other error which may impair or negate the capacity for affirmative and intentional actions.
(2) 为了获得工作，但是需要证明必要性 If an alien’s membership or affiliation with a communist or totalitarian party was not actually necessary for purposes of such essentials of living, then the alien is inadmissible unless another exception applies.
(3) 已经结束五年以上，并且不是安全威胁 In cases that involve past membership, mere termination for the requisite time period is sufficient; active opposition is not required. It is also the applicant’s burden to prove that he or she is not a threat to the security of United States.
New Weiming Law新未名美国移民
解读美国移民局对党员绿卡申请的审理细则
1. 事由：美国移民局USCIS在2020年10月2日发布消息和备忘录，说更新了I-485绿卡申请工作手册（Policy Manual）里面关于党员身份的内容，提供了详细的审理标准和流程。
2. 适用范围：这个审理细则只适用于在美国境内提交I-485办绿卡的情况（文件也提到适用于在海外使领馆比如美国驻中国广州总领事馆处理移民签证，但是审理和颁发移民签证应当属于美国国务院的管理范畴，参照国务院工作手册在这方面的规定，内容类似），不适用于办理各种学生签证，工作签证，访问学者签证，旅游探亲签证等等。
3. 内容：这个审理细则的内容，和以前美国国务院（Department of State）公布的工作手册（Foreign Affairs Manual）里面关于党员办美国移民的规定类似，都是根据美国移民法INA 212(a)(3)(D)的规定，都保留了各种例外和豁免的窗口，可以供申请人使用。同时，因为澄清了审理流程和审理标准，对办绿卡的人来说可以更明确更直接地相应准备。
4. 和以前相比，什么改变了？什么没改变？法律本身，包括各种例外和豁免，并没有变化，要修改移民法需要美国国会参众两院都通过才可以，这个目前看来遥遥无期。改变的是移民局具体依据法律审理的流程和标准，在这方面有可能比以前更加严格。
5. 具体流程是什么? （1）确认这个组织是否是CP或者其他专政党派；（2）确认个人是否是党员或者“有密切联系(Affiliation)”；（3）确认这个成员身份或联系是否是”Meaningful（有实际意义）“；（4）确认申请人是否符合例外条件。（5）如果不符合例外条件，是否符合豁免条件（需要是美国公民或者绿卡持有人的近亲）。
6. 有哪些例外条件？例外（1）非自愿，或者16岁以下，或者法律规定，或者是为了获得工作/生活必需品 的必要。例外（2）在提交I-485的时候，退出组织已经五年以上。
7. 有什么豁免？如果不符合上述例外，办I-485的人还可以提交I-601豁免申请，需要（1）是美国公民的父母，配偶，或兄弟姐妹；或者是绿卡持有人的配偶或子女；（2）不是对美国安全的威胁（包括犯罪记录，对公共卫生/知识产权/信息安全/政府安全的威胁等等）；（3）符合豁免的条件warrants a favorable exercise of discretion，根据I-601表的说明，在这方面会考虑家庭团聚，已经在美国居住的时间，职业，家人的需要，人道因素等。
8. 关于Membership, Affiliation, Meaningful，有哪些需要注意的地方？
（1）文件提到，如果有人举报，包括看到数据库/名单/缴费纪录/开会纪录之类证词，可以确认组织成员身份Membership may be established by evidence that the alien was issued a membership card, paid dues to the organization, or even based on witness testimony regarding an alien’s membership in the organization (including seeing an alien’s name on membership records, dues records, and testimony regarding meeting attendance)
（2）如果绿卡申请人曾经在军队做政治工作或者担任较高职位，或者在政府工作，不管自己是否提到，都会更有可能被认为有Affiliation to the party；
（3）关于meaningful，如果了解组织的政治性质就算an alien’s knowledge or awareness of a communist or totalitarian party’s political nature is sufficient to establish that an alien’s membership is meaningful
9. 移民官有澄清事实的职责： Membership or affiliation is a question of fact for the officer to determine.
If there is any adverse, third-party information in the record, then the officer conducting an interview is generally expected to confront the applicant with the information and resolve the issue at the time of the interview.
10. 申请人有举证的责任：The burden of proof to establish admissibility when seeking an immigration benefit is always on the applicant. 移民官有可能根据材料发出NOID For example, investigative reports, reports from informants, school record, or employment records not provided by the applicant. 申请人需要及时回复 An applicant who fails to meet the burden of proof is inadmissible for being a member or affiliate of the Communist or any other totalitarian party, unless the applicant is able to successfully rebut the officer’s inadmissibility finding. 可以提交Appeal或Motion上诉If USCIS has made a decision on the application, the applicant may provide new facts for consideration by seeking a motion to reopen. To do so, the applicant must file a Notice of Appeal or Motion (Form I-290B).
11. 对例外条件的解释说明：（1）非自愿Membership or affiliation is considered involuntary when it is the result of factors such as coercion, fraud, duress, incapacity, or some other error which may impair or negate the capacity for affirmative and intentional actions.
(2) 为了获得工作，但是需要证明必要性 If an alien’s membership or affiliation with a communist or totalitarian party was not actually necessary for purposes of such essentials of living, then the alien is inadmissible unless another exception applies.
(3) 已经结束五年以上，并且不是安全威胁 In cases that involve past membership, mere termination for the requisite time period is sufficient; active opposition is not required. It is also the applicant’s burden to prove that he or she is not a threat to the security of United States.
12. 以上几条例外条件的注意事项：（1）对于“已经结束五年以上”，申请人有可能需要举证证明这一点，包括文件证明，只提到一段时间没有缴费很可能是不够的；（2）关于“工作原因”，只提到“为了增加职场和事业发展机会，找到一个好工作”一般是不行的；（3）关于“非自愿”，需要提供理由和解释。总之，申请人有举证责任。另外，关于团员，不管算不算Affiliate，绝大多数有可能符合“non meaningful”的条件，也就不需要符合其他例外或者豁免了。
4 years ago | [YT] | 62