Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

Biomimetic Mineralized Hydrogels: Pioneering Bone Repair Pathways

📘 (1) Overview
This review systematically outlines the recent progress in biomimetic mineralized hydrogels for emulating the structure and composition of natural bone. By precisely regulating the mineralization process, these materials effectively replicate the bone microenvironment and demonstrate outstanding structural biomimicry. The article focuses on the core mechanisms in material design, elaborating on the development of homogeneous and heterogeneous mineralization strategies, and comprehensively discusses their potential in functional systems.

💡 (2) Innovation Highlights
The study innovatively proposes and integrates multiple novel mineralization regulation approaches, achieving remarkable progress in achieving uniform distribution and spatially oriented deposition of mineral phases within three-dimensional networks. Through molecular-level functional guidance and interface engineering, precise control over nucleation sites, crystal growth orientation, and mineralization kinetics has been realized. This shift from “passive filling” to “active guidance” marks a significant transition from experience-based to mechanism-driven mineralization strategies.

🧪 (3) Material Development
The hydrogel matrix, modified through multi-scale functionalization, combines biomimetic templates and extracellular matrix-like designs to construct composite systems with gradient structures and hierarchical porosity. The introduction of bioactive ions and functional macromolecules during mineralization further enhances the structural stability and biological responsiveness of the materials. The developed materials not only exhibit excellent mechanical adaptability but also effectively guide cellular behavior while maintaining long-term structural integrity in complex microenvironments.

🧠 (4) Extended Perspectives
This work inspires a re-evaluation of the coupling relationships among “structure, function, and dynamic evolution.” Future applications may extend to the construction of other tissue-like systems, such as dentin, cartilage, or other biologically mineralized materials with hierarchical characteristics. Additionally, smart-responsive mineralization regulation (e.g., pH- or enzyme-triggered) offers new paradigms for designing dynamically adaptive materials. Interdisciplinary integration—particularly with computational simulations and in situ characterization techniques—will propel this field toward higher precision.

🌍 (5) English Title
Biomimetic Mineralized Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration

📚 (6) Journal Name
Advanced Materials (IF 26.8)

📌 Note
This content is intended for academic communication and research sharing only. Readers are advised to use it as a reference for learning and translation purposes.

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20 hours ago | [YT] | 0

Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

AFM | Precise Modulation of Micro-Interfaces Unlocks New Potential for Thermoelectric Materials
Novel Microstructural Regulation Strategy for PbS-Based Nanocomposites

(1) Overview:
Researchers have developed a novel PbS-based nanocomposite by integrating colloidally synthesized PbS nanocrystals with copper-doped PbS nanocrystals synthesized in an aqueous phase. This material not only retains the advantages of efficient doping but also exhibits excellent structural integrity, demonstrating significantly enhanced stability under thermal cycling and prolonged high-temperature conditions. Through microstructural engineering, the high-temperature diffusion behavior of dopants has been effectively suppressed, and the balance between carrier transport and phonon scattering has been optimized, leading to a substantial improvement in overall thermoelectric performance.

(2) Innovations:

For the first time, nanocrystals from two distinct synthesis routes were combined in a composite design to achieve functional complementarity.

The construction of heterogeneous interfaces and dense grain boundaries simultaneously enhanced the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the material.

Lattice thermal conductivity was significantly reduced without compromising electronic transport, overcoming the traditional trade-off between electrical and thermal properties.

(3) Material Development:
PbS nanocrystals were prepared using colloidal and aqueous methods, respectively. The former provided high structural stability, while the latter enabled efficient metal doping. The composite formed a bulk material with multiscale interface characteristics, which was densified through pressing and sintering. Trace amounts of Cu₂S nanoregions precipitated in situ at grain boundaries, further modulating the electro-acoustic transport properties.

(4) Mechanism Innovations:

Suppression of Elemental Migration: The structural robustness of colloidal nanocrystals effectively limited the thermal diffusion of copper at high temperatures.

Enhanced Phonon Scattering: Dense grain boundaries, heterogeneous interfaces, and nanoscale secondary phases synergistically intensified the scattering of thermal carriers.

Regulation of Carrier Concentration: The presence of Cu₂S nanodomains participated in charge compensation, optimizing carrier levels.

Improved Mechanical Properties: Microstructural densification significantly enhanced the material's resistance to deformation, making it suitable for complex service environments.

(5) English Title:
Grain Boundary and Interface Engineering Enables Thermally Stable PbS Nanocomposites for High-Performance Thermoelectric Devices

(6) Journal Name:
Advanced Functional Materials (IF 19)

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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

AM | Reprogramming Cellular Senescence: A Novel Strategy for Immune Activation

📌 (1) Overview:
This study developed a novel Targeted and Enhanced Gene Delivery Nanoparticle (TEPP) designed to precisely intervene in specific cellular states within the tumor microenvironment through the coordinated modulation of key molecular pathways. The system utilizes specific tumor cell markers for targeted recognition and drives the expression and silencing of specific genes, thereby inducing target cells into a defined physiological state while influencing the surrounding signaling network. This process not only achieves directed cellular reprogramming but also triggers microenvironmental changes conducive to immune recognition, demonstrating systemic responses across multiple models.

💡 (2) Innovations:

First to synergistically integrate the upregulation of cell cycle regulators with the downregulation of immune checkpoint molecules on a single nanoplatform.

Employs a dual-function promoter system (TERT-driven + uPAR-targeted) to achieve spatial and functional dual precision targeting.

Successfully establishes a "induced specific cell state — release of signaling factors — remodeling of local ecology" cascade effect, expanding the dimensions of artificial cellular behavior regulation.

Creates positive synergy with external signal interventions, significantly amplifying the overall response intensity.

🛠️ (3) Material Development:
TEPP is a gene carrier integrating targeting capability, responsiveness, and multifunctionality. Its structural design combines surface ligand modification for receptor-mediated targeting with an internal payload of genetic circuits activated by specific promoters. This material can selectively release genetic instructions at target sites, enabling efficient expression of P16INK4a and effective suppression of PD-L1, while demonstrating good biocompatibility and functional stability. Its modular design concept provides an extensible technological pathway for subsequent multi-pathway combined regulation.

🧠 (4) Conceptual Extension:
This work suggests that effectively regulating complex biological systems may not rely on potent eradication but rather on a "guidance-amplification" strategy to reshape local ecological balance. The shift from passive elimination to active reprogramming represents a transition toward next-generation precision intervention approaches. Future applications may extend to other biological scenarios with characteristic markers and plastic states, exploring more intelligent response systems based on "cellular identity resetting."

📘 (5) English Title:
Senescence Reprogramming Unleashes Tumor Immune Surveillance via Coordinated Gene Modulation

🎯 (6) Journal Name:
Advanced Materials (IF 26.8)

📢 Disclaimer:
This content is intended for academic exchange and research sharing only. It is provided for readers' reference and discussion.

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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

AM｜Dual-Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy: High-Efficiency Synergy of Cavitation and Conversion

Abstract
This study explores a novel sonodynamic enhancement strategy aimed at improving the overall efficiency of the sonosensitization process. Traditional SDT mechanisms rely on acoustic cavitation to trigger sonoluminescence (SL), which then activates sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, previous studies have often neglected the optimization of the cavitation step. This work proposes, for the first time, the concept of "dual enhancement," which simultaneously strengthens the cavitation process and the conversion from SL to ROS, thereby achieving comprehensive improvement in SDT performance. Specialized nanomaterials were developed and validated through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, offering new insights for the field.

Innovations
Strategic breakthrough: The integration of "cavitation enhancement" and "high-efficiency conversion" pathways addresses the limitation of previous studies that focused only on SL-to-ROS conversion, achieving synergistic enhancement.
Mechanism optimization: Emphasizing the core role of cavitation in SDT, the material design promotes SL generation via enhanced acoustic cavitation while utilizing molecular properties to accelerate ROS production, forming a closed-loop enhancement.
Comprehensive validation: Consistent performance improvements were demonstrated in simulated environments and biological models, confirming the strategy's universality and reliability.

Material Development
The study designed and synthesized the nanosensitizer MeTTh-PAE NPs, featuring the following key characteristics:
Environment responsiveness: Under specific acidic conditions, it releases hydrophobic aggregates with a rough surface structure, significantly promoting cavitation effects and enhancing SL generation.
Molecular property utilization: The aggregation-induced emission molecule MeTTh efficiently promotes intersystem crossing in its aggregated state, improving SL-to-ROS conversion efficiency.
Dual-function integration: This material simultaneously meets the requirements for cavitation enhancement and high-efficiency conversion, achieving multifunctional integration through a straightforward synthesis route.

English Title
Dual‐Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy: Synergizing Cavitation Amplification and Efficient Sonoluminescence‐to‐ROS Conversion for Orthotopic Breast Cancer Treatment

Journal Name
Advanced Materials (IF 26.8)

#ResearchFrontiers #SonodynamicTherapy #Nanomaterials #AcademicBreakthrough #InterdisciplinaryResearch #ScientificResearch #LifeSciences #ResearchLearning

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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

SA | Zinc Nanomodulation Unlocks Macrophage Pyroptosis Mechanism

(1) Research Mechanism
This study focuses on the central role of macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis. Through systematic screening of various metal ions, zinc ions (Zn²⁺) were identified for their outstanding anti-inflammatory properties. Further investigation revealed that MTC1 agonists can activate the release of zinc from lysosomes, effectively inhibiting the macrophage pyroptosis process. Building on this, an endogenous regulatory platform was constructed to block inflammatory cascades by targeting lysosomal zinc pools, thereby mitigating the progression of atherosclerosis.

(2) Research Highlights

Groundbreaking Discovery: First-time evidence of the superior anti-inflammatory role of zinc ions, providing a novel therapeutic target for inflammation regulation.

Endogenous Strategy: Innovative utilization of the cell's own lysosomal zinc resources, minimizing potential risks associated with external interventions.

Multi-Mechanistic Synergy: The nanoplateform achieves synergistic anti-inflammatory effects through composite mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species scavenging and immune microenvironment remodeling, surpassing the limitations of traditional single-pathway approaches.

(3) Material Development
A novel nanoplateform was designed with the following features:

Core Structure: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles serve as carriers for the precise delivery of MTC1 agonists.

Functional Integration: Incorporation of carbon nanodots enhances material stability and biocompatibility.

Synergistic Design: The platform combines materials to achieve multiple functions, including ROS clearance and macrophage phenotype modulation, thereby optimizing inflammatory suppression.

(4) Future Perspectives
This mechanism is not limited to atherosclerosis and offers new paradigms for regulating other inflammation-related diseases:

Cross-Disease Applicability: The lysosomal zinc pool modulation strategy could be extended to other inflammatory pathological models, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Nanotechnology Insights: Emphasizes the design philosophy of leveraging endogenous resources in nanomaterial development, promoting innovative integration of materials science into foundational research.

(5) English Title
Lysosomal Zinc Nanomodulation Blocks Macrophage Pyroptosis for Counteracting Atherosclerosis Progression

(6) Journal Name
Science Advances (IF 12.5)

🛎️ This content is intended for academic communication and research sharing only. For reference and discussion purposes.

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5 days ago | [YT] | 0

Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

STM｜Bioinspired Scaffold Awakens Tendon Healing Potential

Innovations

Nanoscale Structural Inspiration: Drawing from high-resolution (2–3 nm) observations of mineral particle distribution within the fibrocartilage layer, an innovative scaffold featuring a continuous cross‑fibrillar phase was designed.

Tunable Material Properties: The scaffold enables precise localization of crystals both inside and outside collagen fibers, and optimizes performance through adjustable inorganic content, surpassing the limitations of conventional biomaterials.

Signaling Pathway Targeting: The study first revealed a mineralization‑dependent Hedgehog signaling regulatory mechanism, offering a new paradigm for the design of bioinspired materials.

Material Development

Scaffold Construction Strategy: A series of biomimetic mineralized collagen matrices were developed, characterized by controlled crystal distribution patterns and adjustable inorganic content.

Performance Optimization Focus: Emphasis was placed on structural simulation (e.g., continuity of the fibrous phase) and compositional control to ensure stability and biocompatibility in vivo.

Animal Model Validation: Systematic experiments were conducted to evaluate the scaffold’s efficacy in promoting fibrocartilage‑layer repair, highlighting its structural‑functional consistency.

Future Perspectives

Implications for Basic Research: This discovery opens new directions for biomimetic design in tissue engineering, such as optimizing stem‑cell differentiation strategies through signaling pathway regulation, applicable to other fibrocartilage‑related repair scenarios.

Interdisciplinary Potential: Mechanisms underlying mineral‑collagen interactions may be extended to bone‑cartilage interface studies, fostering cross‑innovation between materials science and developmental biology.

Future Directions: Focusing on spatiotemporal regulation of signaling molecules (e.g., Gli1) could inspire the development of next‑generation intelligent biomaterials, enhancing precision in regenerative medicine.

English Title
A bioinspired mineralized collagen scaffold promotes enthesis healing and activates Gli1 expression in preclinical models

Journal Name
Science Translational Medicine (IF 14.6)

#ResearchFrontier #Biomaterials #TissueEngineering #RegenerativeMedicine #AcademicSharing #BioinspiredDesign #ScientificResearch #LifeSciences #Nanomaterials
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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

ACS Nano Innovative Enzyme Complex: Breakthrough in Hypoxia Reversal and Regeneration

Innovations

Multi-Enzyme Mimetic Synergy: EC uniquely integrates the simulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), forming a cascade antioxidative defense system. This design converts harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, into beneficial oxygen, enabling efficient ROS-to-O₂ transformation.

Dual-Function Integration: Unlike traditional single-function materials, EC simultaneously provides oxygenation and ROS clearance, addressing the coupled challenges of hypoxia and oxidative stress, thereby significantly enhancing adaptability to physiological environments.

Cross-Scale Validation: The study extends from molecular mechanisms to cellular and animal models (e.g., atrophy and ischemia models), systematically demonstrating EC's comprehensive effects in modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing myogenic differentiation, reflecting multidimensional innovation.

Material Development

Core Composition: EC is constructed based on a complex of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and catalase, engineered to improve stability and biocompatibility.

Functional Mechanisms:

SOD-like activity: Converts superoxide anions (O₂•⁻) into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).

Catalase-like activity: Further decomposes H₂O₂ into oxygen (O₂) and water (H₂O), providing localized oxygenation.

POD- and GPx-like activities: Clears residual H₂O₂ to establish a complete antioxidative chain, ensuring the restoration of redox homeostasis.

Performance Advantages: The material demonstrates efficient ROS conversion in both in vitro and in vivo environments. By leveraging multi-enzyme mimicry, it overcomes the limitations of single-enzyme systems, enhancing applicability under complex physiological conditions.

Future Perspectives

Potential Application Expansion: The design concept of EC could inspire the development of other multifunctional composite materials, such as integrating similar enzyme-mimetic systems in tissue engineering or biomimetic materials to address broader oxidative stress-related challenges.

Mechanistic Exploration: Future studies could investigate EC's role in additional physiological models (e.g., neural or skeletal systems) and combine molecular dynamics simulations to analyze its structure-function relationships for material optimization.

Translational Insights: This research highlights the importance of multi-enzyme synergy in regulating microenvironments, providing a framework for designing smart biomaterials and potentially advancing fundamental theories in regenerative science.

English Title
Engineering Multi-Functional Enzyme-Mimetic Polyphenol-Catalase Complex for Reversing Hypoxia and Redox Homeostasis in Vascular and Muscular Regeneration.

Journal Name
ACS Nano

This content is intended for academic communication and research sharing only. For reference and discussion purposes. 🔬💬

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6 days ago | [YT] | 0

Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

CR｜Ionogels: Scientific Breakthrough in Enhanced Mechanical Properties

(1) Overview
This review systematically examines the comprehensive framework of ionogels—polymer network gels swollen with ionic liquids. The article begins by defining the fundamental concepts of ionogels, highlighting their advantageous characteristics such as non‑volatility, ionic conductivity, high thermal stability, and electrochemical stability. These properties make ionogels highly promising for applications in flexible electronics, energy storage devices, and sensors. However, the article also points out a core issue: the generally inadequate mechanical performance of ionogels, which severely limits their practical use. To address this challenge, the review focuses on toughening mechanisms while simultaneously summarizing their physicochemical properties, synthesis strategies, patterning methods, and diverse application scenarios. Ultimately, the article aims to provide design guidelines for future research and promote the broader adoption of ionogels in technological fields.

(2) Innovations
The core innovation of this article lies in its focus on toughening mechanisms as a breakthrough point. While traditional ionogel research has often centered on basic properties, this work is the first to systematically integrate strategies for enhancing mechanical performance, emphasizing the improvement of toughness through structural optimization and material design. The innovation is reflected in: proposing multi‑scale toughening approaches (e.g., network cross‑linking reinforcement) and linking them to practical application needs, thereby charting new directions for developing high‑performance ionogels. This not only fills a knowledge gap in the field but also inspires interdisciplinary research.

(3) Material Development
In terms of material development, the article discusses ionogel synthesis strategies in detail. These include various methods for combining polymer networks with ionic liquids, such as in‑situ polymerization and solvent‑exchange techniques. The development focus lies in optimizing material formulations and process parameters to achieve controllable gel structures, thereby balancing conductivity, stability, and mechanical strength. The article also introduces patterning methods (e.g., microfabrication techniques) to enable precise integration of ionogels into devices, supporting their practical use in fields like flexible electronics.

(4) Mechanisms
The toughening mechanism is a core analytical component of the article. The analysis focuses on how to enhance mechanical performance through polymer network design and ionic‑liquid interactions. Specific aspects include: strengthening network cross‑linking density to reduce fracture risk; utilizing dynamic bonding (e.g., hydrogen bonds or ionic interactions) to improve material toughness; and tailoring microstructure to dissipate stress. These mechanisms not only explain the root causes of performance bottlenecks but also provide a theoretical foundation for customized design.

(5) English Title
Ionogels: From Properties and Synthesis to Toughening, Patterning, and Applications

(6) Journal Name
Chemical Reviews (IF 55.8)

#IonogelResearch #MaterialsScienceFrontiers #FlexibleElectronics #EnergyStorageInnovation #AcademicSharing
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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

STING Phase Separation: Remodeling Macrophage Circuits for Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Immunity

Research Highlights

Key Target Identification: Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the central regulatory role of specific tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subsets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. These subsets co-express MRC1 molecules and actively suppress anti-tumor immune responses, offering novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

Innovative Platform Development: A macrophage-mimicking nanostructure system (PMMB) was designed, integrating targeting peptides and immune agonists to achieve spatiotemporally controlled reprogramming. Through the STING phase separation mechanism, this system precisely stabilizes TAMs into an anti-tumor CD80⁺ phenotype, avoiding excessive inflammation and ensuring sustained immune activation.

Multifaceted Biological Effects: In model testing, the platform effectively inhibited primary and metastatic tumor growth, enhanced CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, improved responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade, and alleviated immune exhaustion.

Cross-Scale Strategic Innovation: This study provides an engineered solution to overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, advancing the frontier of macrophage-targeted therapies.

Future Directions

Mechanistic Exploration: Future studies may investigate the application of STING phase separation in other immune cell types (e.g., dendritic cells) to broaden its utility in tumor immunoregulation. Integrating single-cell multi-omics technologies could help dissect the dynamic processes of phase separation and uncover new biophysical regulatory principles.

Model Extension Potential: The platform strategy may be applicable to other solid tumors (e.g., colorectal or lung cancer) by adjusting targeting components to validate its broad applicability. Additionally, integrating AI simulations to optimize the nanodelivery system could enhance spatiotemporal precision and controllability.

Interdisciplinary Integration: This work inspires the convergence of immune engineering and materials science, such as developing responsive nanocarriers for microenvironment-specific activation. Furthermore, linking it with metabolic reprogramming research could elucidate the energetic metabolic basis of macrophage phenotype switching.

English Title
Engineering a Spatiotemporal Macrophage Circuit via STING Phase Separation to Override Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer

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Nanomedicine and Nanomaterial Customization

MMR | Breakthrough in Liver Fibrosis Intervention with TNC-targeted CAR Macrophages

🌟 Research Highlights

Innovative Target Validation
First confirmation of specific high expression of Tenascin-C (TNC) in liver fibrosis models. Gene knockout experiments show that Tnc deletion significantly alleviates liver injury.
As a key extracellular matrix protein, TNC drives fibrosis progression through dual signaling pathways: TLR4/NF‑κB and integrin/FAK.

Engineered Cell Design Breakthrough
Development of TNC-targeted CAR macrophages (TNC-CAR-Ms), whose single-chain variable fragment (scFv) precisely recognizes pathological environments.
These cells demonstrate specific migratory capacity, enrich in liver tissue, and reduce TNC expression levels.

Multidimensional Mechanism Analysis
Direct effect: In vitro experiments confirm that TNC-CAR-Ms phagocytose and clear activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
Microenvironment remodeling: Post-intervention, polarization of M2-type macrophages increases in the liver, and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration rises significantly.
Key pathway regulation: Fibrosis alleviation results from the combined inhibition of dual signaling pathway activity and synergistic effects mediated by CD8⁺ T cells.

💡 Extended Perspectives

Target Applicability
TNC is also highly expressed in pathologies such as cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting this technology may extend to multi-organ fibrosis research.

New Directions in Cell Therapy
CAR-M technology overcomes the limitations of traditional CAR-T applications, offering a new paradigm for intervening in the microenvironment of solid organs.

In-depth Exploration of Immune Regulation
The specific mechanisms of CD8⁺ T cells in anti-fibrosis warrant further investigation, potentially involving pathways such as pyroptosis.

📌 Core Reference Information

English Title:
TNC-targeted CAR-macrophage therapy alleviates liver fibrosis in mice

Journal:
Military Medical Research (IF=22.9)

🔎 Further Reflections
This study establishes the first technical pathway of "CAR‑M targeting ECM proteins." Its value lies in:

Providing a spatiotemporally precise intervention tool for fibrotic pathologies.

Revealing the central role of immune cell–ECM interactions in microenvironment remodeling.

Opening a new direction for engineered innate immune cell therapy in solid tissue diseases.

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