Metis IAS Academy

🟦 REVISION — WORLD INEQUALITY REPORT 2026

What is it?
The World Inequality Report 2026 is the third edition of a flagship global report by the World Inequality Lab, which tracks income, wealth, gender, climate, and regional inequalities worldwide.

Why in the News?
It highlights extreme and persistent global inequality across multiple dimensions — making it crucial for debates on inclusive growth, climate justice, and equitable policy.

🔹 Key Global Findings

✔ The top 10% of the world’s population owns ~75% of global wealth, while the bottom 50% hold just ~2%.
✔ The top 0.001% own three times more wealth than the poorest half of humanity combined — an alarming concentration at the very top.
✔ Inequality isn’t just money — it spans income, wealth, gender, climate and geography.

🔹 India in the Report

India is shown to be among the world’s more unequal economies:
✔ Top 10% capture ~58% of national income
✔ Bottom 50% get ~15%
✔ Top 10% own ~65% of wealth
✔ Top 1% holds ~40% of wealth
This reflects widening domestic disparities despite growth narratives.

🔹 Why It Matters for UPSC

Prelims / GS-3 / GS-2:
✔ Wealth & income distribution
✔ SDG targets — inequality reduction
✔ Inclusive development policies
Essays / Ethics / Interview:
✔ Climate justice and inequality link
✔ Policy debates on redistribution & social justice

🔹 Metis Memory Lock

👉 “World Inequality Report 2026 — Rich few control most wealth; inequality is structural, multi-dimensional, and policy-driven.”



#GlobalInequality #WorldInequalityReport2026 #UPSC #Prelims2026 #GS3 #InclusiveGrowth

3 hours ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

🧮 CSAT IMPORTANT TOPICS

UPSC CSE PRELIMS 2026 (QUALIFYING BUT DANGEROUS)

⚠️ Reality check:
CSAT is no longer a basic aptitude.
It is time-pressure + elimination + smart selection.

🔴 PRIORITY 1 — NON-NEGOTIABLE (Must Master)

(These decide pass/fail)

1️⃣ Reading Comprehension (RC) – 🔥 MOST IMPORTANT

Weightage: 25–30 questions (≈ 60–75 marks)

Focus Areas:

Inference-based questions

Author’s tone & assumption

Central idea / main argument

Strengthen–weaken logic (hidden)

Negative wording (EXCEPT / NOT)

📌 Metis Rule:

If RC accuracy < 55%, CSAT is unsafe.

2️⃣ Basic Numeracy (Class 6–10 level)

High-yield chapters only:

Percentages

Ratio & Proportion

Averages

Profit & Loss

Simple & Compound Interest

Time & Work

Time, Speed & Distance

📌 UPSC Trend:
Less calculation, more logic + option elimination.

3️⃣ Logical Reasoning (Core Logic)

Statements & Conclusions

Assumptions

Cause–Effect

Course of Action

Syllogism (new pattern)

📌 Very scoring if practised properly.

🟠 PRIORITY 2 — SCORING BUT SELECTIVE
4️⃣ Data Interpretation (DI)

Tables

Bar graphs

Pie charts

Mixed data (new UPSC style)

📌 Key:
Approximation > Exact calculation

5️⃣ Number System (Selective)

HCF & LCM

Divisibility

Remainders

Unit digit

📌 Avoid deep theory. UPSC tests application, not tricks.

6️⃣ Basic Algebra

Linear equations

Simple word problems

📌 Do only standard UPSC patterns.

🟡 PRIORITY 3 — LOW RETURN / OPTIONAL
7️⃣ Advanced Maths (LIMITED UPSC USE)

Permutation & Combination

Probability

Mixtures & Alligation

📌 Attempt only if confident.
📌 Not mandatory to clear CSAT.

8️⃣ Decision Making

Ethical dilemma questions

📌 Rare now, but easy marks if they appear.

🚫 WHAT TO AVOID (WASTE OF TIME)

Vedic maths tricks

Olympiad-level puzzles

Heavy formula memorisation

CAT-level quant preparation

❌ CSAT ≠ CAT
❌ CSAT ≠ Bank PO

🎯 SMART CSAT ATTEMPT STRATEGY (2026)
Area Target
RC 18–22 questions
Reasoning 10–12 questions
Maths + DI 10–12 questions
Total Attempt 38–42 questions
Accuracy Needed ≥ 60%
⏱️ TIME MANAGEMENT RULE (VERY IMPORTANT)

First 60 minutes → RC + Reasoning

Next 30 minutes → Easy Maths / DI

Last 30 minutes → Review & safe attempts

📌 Never start CSAT with tough maths.

🧠 METIS CSAT GOLDEN PRINCIPLES

Elimination > Calculation

Reading > Speed

Selection > Attempting all

Calm mind > Formula memory

🔥 FINAL VERDICT FOR PRELIMS 2026

CSAT will NOT test brilliance.
It will test composure under pressure.

6 hours ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

“Biodiversity policies increasingly emphasize community participation, recognizing that conservation without local support often leads to conflict. Yet participatory frameworks require institutions capable of negotiation, benefit-sharing, and transparent monitoring. Without these elements, participation may remain symbolic rather than effective.”
The passage implies that community participation in biodiversity policy:

10 hours ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

Q) Graphene is known for being:

15 hours ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

🟦 REVISION — GPS SPOOFING

Concept:
GPS spoofing = sending fake GPS signals to mislead a receiver into calculating a false position, time, or navigation route.

🔹 How it Works

Attacker transmits stronger counterfeit GNSS signals → device locks onto fake signals → reports wrong location.

🔹 Why in News

Increasing incidents in:
✓ Maritime shipping (e.g., Strait of Hormuz, Black Sea)
✓ Drone warfare (Ukraine conflict)
✓ Aviation navigation interference
✓ Financial systems (time-stamping)
✓ Military communications

🔹 Why Critical

Modern systems rely on GNSS for:
→ Navigation
→ Timing
→ Synchronization
→ Logistics
→ Surveillance
→ Targeting

GNSS = GPS (US) + GLONASS (Russia) + Galileo (EU) + NavIC (India).

🔹 UPSC Angle

GPS spoofing affects:
✔ Cyber security
✔ Aviation safety
✔ Maritime law
✔ Defence systems
✔ Critical infrastructure

🔹 Counter-Measures

Multi-GNSS (use multiple constellations)

Encrypted military signals

Anti-spoofing receivers

Inertial navigation backup (INS)

RF spectrum monitoring

🔹 Metis Memory Lock

👉 “Spoofing = Fake signals → Fake location.”

🟨 UPSC Pattern

Likely QUESTION types:
❗ Concept-based
❗ Match GNSS constellations
❗ NavIC relevance
❗ Cyber-warfare applications
#UPSC #ScienceTech #CyberSecurity #NavIC #Prelims2026

1 day ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

🛡️ SECURITY & INTERNAL SECURITY — MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS

UPSC CSE PRELIMS 2026 (FOCUS LIST)

Security questions in Prelims are factual + conceptual + current-affairs driven.
UPSC tests threat awareness, institutions, and basic mechanisms, not theory.

🔴 PRIORITY 1 — MUST MASTER (NON-NEGOTIABLE)


These areas almost guarantee security-related questions.

1️⃣ INTERNAL SECURITY THREATS (VERY HIGH)


🔹 Terrorism

* Domestic vs International terrorism
* Terrorist financing
* Lone-wolf attacks
* Role of intelligence agencies

🔹 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)

* Causes
* Affected regions
* Government initiatives

🔹 Insurgency & Separatism

* North-East insurgency
* Jammu & Kashmir (basic understanding)

👉 Frequently tested through statements + current events.

2️⃣ BORDER & MARITIME SECURITY (EXTREMELY IMPORTANT)


* India’s land borders & neighbours
* Border management challenges
* Coastal security
* Maritime chokepoints
* Role of Indian Navy & Coast Guard

3️⃣ CYBER SECURITY (VERY HIGH RETURN)


* Cyber threats
* Data protection
* Cyber terrorism
* Critical Information Infrastructure
* CERT-In (role & functions)

4️⃣ SECURITY FORCES & AGENCIES


* CAPFs (BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB)
* Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force – basic roles)
* Intelligence agencies:

* IB
* RAW
* National Security Guard (NSG)

👉 Match the following common questions.

🟠 PRIORITY 2 — VERY IMPORTANT


5️⃣ DEFENCE & STRATEGIC ISSUES


* Defence production
* Indigenous defence systems
* Defence corridors
* Military exercises (India + partners)



6️⃣ INTERNAL SECURITY FRAMEWORK

* National Security Doctrine (basic idea)
* Role of MHA
* Police reforms (basic understanding)



🟡 PRIORITY 3 — SELECTIVE BUT SCORING



7️⃣ EMERGING SECURITY DIMENSIONS

* Space security
* Artificial Intelligence in warfare
* Drones & counter-drone systems



8️⃣ CURRENT SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS

* Recent terror incidents
* Border standoffs
* Defence acquisitions
* Security-related bills & policies



🧠 METIS SECURITY RULE

UPSC does NOT test security as military science.
It tests threat awareness + governance response + institutions.

If you master Priority 1 + agencies + current affairs,
Security becomes a high-confidence scoring area.

📌 HOW STUDENTS SHOULD USE THIS


1️⃣ Track security-related news weekly
2️⃣ Link every issue with the institution/law/agency
3️⃣ Focus on who handles what
4️⃣ Practice statement-based MCQs



Metis IAS — where focus is created, not confusion.

1 day ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

Total Q = 80
Attempts = 72% → = 0.72 × 80 = 57.6 ≈ 58 (UPSC uses exact)

Correct = 85% of 58 = 0.85 × 58 ≈ 49.3 ≈ 49

Correct Answer: (b) 49

This checks time+percentage+approximation.

1 day ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

Q) A candidate answers 85% of questions attempted in a CSAT mock correctly. However, he attempts only 72% of the total questions. If the paper contains 80 questions and there is no negative marking in this scenario, how many correct answers does he get?

1 day ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

✅ Correct Answer: A
🔍 Explanation :

Statement 1 – Correct: National Unity Day is observed on 31 October every year.

Statement 2 – Correct: It marks the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Statement 3 – Incorrect (Trap): Patel was born in 1875; hence 31 October 2025 = 150th birth anniversary, but the statement as a general rule is incorrect. National Unity Day is not always the 150th birth anniversary.

📌 Note for exams:

National Unity Day was instituted in 2014 to promote unity and integrity.

Linked initiatives often include the Run for Unity and references to the Statue of Unity.

1 day ago | [YT] | 0

Metis IAS Academy

Q. With reference to National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas), 2025consider the following statements:

1)It is observed annually on 31 October in India.

2)It commemorates the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

3)It is celebrated as the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 day ago | [YT] | 0