Santhosh Rao sir classes

✨🙏 May Lord Ganesha, the gentle remover of all obstacles, fill your life with boundless joy, endless success, and the sweetest harmony. May His blessings light your path with hope, strength, and prosperity. 🌸🐘

Wishing you and your loved ones a very Happy Ganesh Chaturthi! 💖🌺

3 months ago | [YT] | 60

Santhosh Rao sir classes

The Partition inflicted profound suffering and led to significant human and strategic repercussions.

On #PartitionHorrorsRemembranceDay, we honor the strength of those who survived this harrowing ordeal. This painful period offers many lessons that must not be forgotten.

4 months ago | [YT] | 21

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (13th August 2025)

01. SC Questions Potential Misuse of BNS Section 152 – Front Page

• Paper: II (Indian Government and Politics)
• Syllabus Link: Judiciary – Structure, functioning, conduct of business, and issues; Civil liberties and rights
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Judicial scrutiny of new criminal law (BNS) begins.
 ◦ Section 152 questioned for vague wording and potential misuse.
 ◦ Possible violation of Article 19(1)(a) – freedom of speech.
 ◦ Highlights the role of judicial review in checking executive overreach.

02. Hyphenated Nationality and Exclusion in India – Editorial Page

• Paper: II (Indian Government and Politics)
• Syllabus Link: Issues concerning national integration; Communalism, regionalism, secularism
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Critiques the concept of “hyphenated nationality” (e.g., Muslim-Indian).
 ◦ Tied to citizenship, identity politics, NRC–CAA debate.
 ◦ Reflects ethnic vs civic nationalism tensions in India.
 ◦ Useful for questions on national integration and secularism.

03. Benjamin Netanyahu’s Push for a No-State Solution – Editorial Page

• Paper: II (International Relations)
• Syllabus Link: India and the Palestine Issue; West Asia Politics; Global South; Role of Israel in IR
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Editorial critiques Israel’s shift away from two-state solution.
 ◦ Analyzes settler expansion, far-right politics, and Gaza crisis.
 ◦ Contextualizes in terms of statehood, international law, and self-determination.
 ◦ Adds value to India’s stand on Palestine and regional diplomacy.

04. Satellite Internet and Strategic Autonomy – Text & Context / Editorial Snippet

• Paper: I (Political Theory) & II (India and the World)
• Syllabus Link: Science and Technology in International Relations; State and globalisation
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Satellite internet as a tool for digital sovereignty and equity.
 ◦ LEO-MEO-GEO constellations in the global tech race.
 ◦ Ties with India’s space diplomacy, cybersecurity, and development goals.
 ◦ Connects to cyber governance and global internet architecture.

05. SC Verdict on ED Action Against Advocates – Front Page / Legal News

• Paper: II (Indian Government and Politics)
• Syllabus Link: Judiciary and its independence; Civil liberties
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ SC protects professional rights of advocates from ED summons.
 ◦ Reinforces due process and limits on enforcement agencies.
 ◦ Promotes judicial independence and civil liberties in investigative contexts.
 ◦ Relevant for questions on fundamental rights and rule of law.

💡For all PSIR updates: t.me/psirsanthoshsir

#PSIRcurrentaffairs

4 months ago | [YT] | 16

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (01st August 2025)

01. India is a ‘bright spot’, says Centre amid Trump tirade – Front Page

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–US Relations; Strategic Autonomy; Trade and Technology Diplomacy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Trump criticizes India’s defense ties with Russia and BRICS stance.
 ◦ US announces India–Pakistan infrastructure link — geopolitical undertone.
 ◦ India reaffirms independent foreign policy; asserts multipolar diplomacy.
 ◦ Enhances India’s image as a balancing power in global affairs.

02. Can ICJ ruling force rich nations to pay for historical emissions? – Opinion Page

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Global Environmental Governance; Climate Justice; Role of ICJ & Global South Advocacy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ ICJ advisory opinion may mandate reparations for past carbon emissions.
 ◦ Highlights climate inequality and North–South legal frictions.
 ◦ Legal and moral debates from Global South lens.
 ◦ Adds value to Mains answers on climate justice and multilateral institutions.

03. Sourced Relations – Editorial Page

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–US Trade Tensions; Economic Sovereignty; Protectionism
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Trump imposes tariffs due to India–Russia defense purchases.
 ◦ India caught in great power crossfire amid trade nationalism.
 ◦ Editorial critiques India’s subdued economic response.
 ◦ Useful for answers on economic diplomacy and strategic autonomy.

04. Nudges from the Court, Silence from the Commission – Editorial

• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Electoral Systems; Role of Judiciary; Accountability of Constitutional Bodies
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ SC pulls up Telangana Speaker on defection delays.
 ◦ Questions raised on EC’s passivity and constitutional neglect.
 ◦ Highlights tension between institutional responsibility and political neutrality.
 ◦ Good material for ethics, polity, and democracy-related essays.

05. Structural Cracks Emerge in India–U.S. Strategic Partnership – Editorial Analysis

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–U.S. Relations; Foreign Policy Challenges; Strategic Autonomy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Despite growing trade and defense ties, a trust deficit is widening.
 ◦ U.S. coercive moves: CAATSA sanctions threat, WTO disputes, and unilateral tariff hikes.
 ◦ India concerned about loss of strategic autonomy and unpredictability in U.S. diplomacy.
 ◦ China’s rise further complicates bilateral synergy, especially in tech and security sectors.

06. Myanmar Ends State of Emergency, Plans Elections

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Comparative Politics; Military Regimes; Democracy and Authoritarianism
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Post-2021 coup, Myanmar junta lifts emergency and signals controlled elections.
 ◦ Reflects pattern of authoritarian regimes using pseudo-democratic transitions.
 ◦ Raises concern over democracy dilution in ASEAN; limited global pressure.
 ◦ Adds value to discussions on military rule, hybrid regimes, and democratic legitimacy.

07. Canada to Recognize Palestine at UNGA

• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: West Asia Politics; Palestine Question; UN Diplomacy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Canada’s recognition bolsters Global South momentum for Palestinian statehood.
 ◦ Contrasts with U.S.–Israel stance, signaling shifts in Western diplomacy.
 ◦ Impacts Canada–Israel ties and signals a normative turn in Canada’s Global Affairs.
 ◦ Use this in answers on UN legitimacy, state recognition, or Middle East conflict.

💡For all PSIR updates: t.me/psirsanthoshsir

#PSIRcurrentaffairs

4 months ago | [YT] | 15

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (31st July 2025)

01. India launches NASA–ISRO Earth Observation Satellite – Front Page
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–US Relations; Science & Technology in IR; Space Diplomacy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ NISAR: First radar imaging satellite jointly developed by NASA and ISRO.
 ◦ Enhances India–US strategic technology partnership.
 ◦ Dual-use implications (civil–military).
 ◦ Uses: Climate monitoring, agriculture, disaster planning.

02. Trump’s 25% tariff to hit India from tomorrow – Front Page
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–USA Economic Relations; Trade & Protectionism; Globalisation Challenges
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ US penal action citing India’s Russian defense ties.
 ◦ Signals breakdown in WTO-based multilateralism.
 ◦ Impacts Indian exporters; strategic autonomy debate.
 ◦ Interplay of geopolitics and economics.

03. India at UN on Israel–Palestine – World Page
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India and the UN; India’s Foreign Policy; Peace Diplomacy
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Supports two-state solution, calls for humanitarian aid to Gaza.
 ◦ Advocates depoliticised assistance.
 ◦ Example of India’s balancing strategy in West Asia.

04. Italy–Russia Diplomatic Row – World Page
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Global Diplomacy; Russia–West Relations
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Italian protest against Putin’s controversial statement.
 ◦ Reflects post-Ukraine EU–Russia tensions.
 ◦ Case of soft power diplomacy and rhetorical conflicts.

05. 2006 Mumbai Blasts Verdict – Text & Context Page
• Paper: I & II
• Syllabus Link: Rule of Law; Terrorism & Security; Judiciary and Civil Liberties
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Bombay HC acquits all accused due to inadmissibility under MCOCA.
 ◦ Raises concerns on fair trial and misuse of anti-terror laws.
 ◦ Case study for Rule of Law vs State power.

06. India’s police must get out of Dirty Harry’s shadow – Editorial
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: State, Law, and Order; Police Reforms; Civil Liberties
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Critique of custodial violence and glorified policing.
 ◦ Structural problems: caste bias, impunity, political interference.
 ◦ Relevance: Democratic policing and procedural justice.

07. Centre notifies single-window system for appointing DGPs – Page 10
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Centre–State Relations; Institutional Reforms; Police Administration
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Union-influenced checklist for DGP selection.
 ◦ Raises federalism concerns on state autonomy.
 ◦ Linked to Prakash Singh judgment on police reforms.

08. Spectacle, Privacy, and Sharing in the Digital Age – Editorial
• Paper: I / II
• Syllabus Link: Media Ethics; Surveillance and Society; Cyber Regulations
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Coldplay incident used to reflect on digital voyeurism vs privacy.
 ◦ Themes: moral responsibility, online conduct, liberty vs security.
 ◦ Relevant for cyber law and digital morality debates.

09. India, UAE Agree to Elevate Defence Ties – Page 10
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–Gulf Relations; Defence Diplomacy; Strategic Partnerships
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Talks on joint production, training, logistics.
 ◦ Expanding India’s strategic reach to West Asia.
 ◦ Reflects SAGAR and Act West policy in defence context.

10. SC on Leprosy Law: Remove Colonial-Era Discrimination – Page 10
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Judiciary and Social Justice; Rights of Marginalised Sections
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ SC urges repeal of outdated discriminatory laws.
 ◦ Article 14 and dignity of disabled persons invoked.
 ◦ Adds value to debates on legal reforms and inclusion.

11. RTI Amendments Diluting Rights – News Page
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Transparency and Accountability; Civil Society; Rights-Based Approach
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Concerns over weakening RTI via rule changes.
 ◦ Impact on public oversight and participatory governance.
◦ Important for governance reforms and citizen engagement topics.

12. UAPA Arrest Stats (2018–2022) – Text & Context: News in Numbers
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Security Laws; Rights vs National Security; Civil Liberties
• Notes Cue:
 ◦ Nearly 9,000 arrested under UAPA with low conviction rate.

4 months ago | [YT] | 15

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (29th July 2025)

01. Focus on mass inclusion, not exclusion, SC tells EC
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Electoral Systems in India; Election Commission; Rights Issues
• Notes Cue:
◦ SC emphasizes voter inclusion in electoral rolls over technical exclusion.
◦ Aadhaar–voter ID linkage, SIR exercise controversy.
◦ Relevant for debates on electoral integrity vs universal suffrage.

02. Maharashtra’s New Security Bill (Text & Context)
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: State and Law; Civil Liberties; Security and Rights; Public Policy in India
• Notes Cue:
◦ New special security legislation for Maharashtra.
◦ Anti-Naxal focus, opposition from civil liberty groups.
◦ Raises questions on judicial oversight and constitutional freedoms.

03. Israeli groups call Gaza war ‘genocide’
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: West Asia Politics; Humanitarian Intervention; Global Norms
• Notes Cue:
◦ Internal dissent within Israel over Gaza operations.
◦ Genocide framing and implications under international law.
◦ Adds depth to IR debates on humanitarian intervention and norm-building.

04. India–Japan Officials Discuss Bullet Train & PM Visit
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–East Asia Relations; Bilateral Cooperation; Technology and Diplomacy
• Notes Cue:
◦ Bullet train project as flagship India–Japan collaboration.
◦ Example of infrastructure diplomacy and soft power in Asia.
◦ Strategic convergence and technology transfer.

05. SC: Presidential Reference ‘misleading’, can’t be used to alter ruling
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Judiciary; Separation of Powers; Constitutional Morality
• Notes Cue:
◦ SC cautions against misuse of Presidential Reference under Article 143.
◦ Reinforces judicial primacy in constitutional interpretation.
◦ Good for questions on checks and balances.

06. Lessons from the Chola Legacy – Editorial
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Indian Political Thought; Kingship & Statecraft; Culture and Governance
• Notes Cue:
◦ Editorial reflection on Rajendra Chola’s legacy.
◦ Temple-building vs administrative statecraft.
◦ Historical symbolism in contemporary governance debates.

💡For all PSIR updates: t.me/psirsanthoshsir

#PSIRcurrentaffairs

4 months ago | [YT] | 15

Santhosh Rao sir classes

💡PSIR concepts simplified:

✅ Soft power + SAGAR = Strategic hugs & development aid.

✅ India: From net security provider to net economy reviver.

4 months ago | [YT] | 10

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (26th July 2025)

01. France to Recognise Palestine as a State in September: Macron
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: West Asia; India’s Foreign Policy; UN System; Recognition of States
• Notes Cue: Macron’s move reflects European assertion in Middle East diplomacy. Can be used as a contrast to India’s cautious approach on Palestine. Adds value in answers on multipolarity and global order.

02. Modi Overtakes Indira Gandhi – 2nd Longest Serving PM
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Indian Political System; Parliamentary System; Prime Minister’s Role
• Notes Cue: Can be used for questions on executive stability, institutional continuity, and leadership styles. Adds value to debates on centralisation and PMO’s growing role.

03. States Can’t Seek Delimitation Claiming Parity with J&K: SC
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Federalism; Centre–State Relations; Delimitation; Role of Judiciary
• Notes Cue: Important SC interpretation of Article 170 vs special constitutional provisions of UTs. Useful for debates on asymmetrical federalism.

04. UPSC Bars Candidate for Three Years Over Exam Misconduct
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Ethics in Politics and Public Life; Bureaucratic Accountability
• Notes Cue: Example for ethics paper and civil services reform. Useful to discuss meritocracy vs malpractice in democratic institutions.

05. Give and Take – Editorial on India–UK CEPA Trade Deal
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Bilateralism; Trade Diplomacy; Global Trade Order
• Notes Cue: Editorial balances optimism with concerns (e.g. regulatory harmonisation, tariff asymmetries). Useful to evaluate India’s post-Brexit realignments.

06. Kargil, Pahalgam and a Revamp of Security Strategy – Editorial
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Internal Security; India’s Strategic Doctrine; National Security Infrastructure
• Notes Cue: Use for evolution of India’s counterterrorism framework post-Kargil, CDS creation, and institutional reforms.

07. Healing Manipur – Editorial
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Ethnic Conflict; Indian Society; Role of State; Political Decentralisation
• Notes Cue: Case study on identity politics, ethnic violence, and institutional breakdown. Useful for answers on multiculturalism, autonomy demands, and internal security.

08. Maldives President Thanks India for Economic Recovery
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India and its Neighbourhood – Maldives; Indian Ocean Diplomacy; SAGAR Policy
• Notes Cue: India’s soft power and developmental diplomacy in Maldives. Relevance for India’s role as net security provider.

09. Consensual Sex Between 16–18-Year-Olds Not Abuse: SC
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Rights of Children; Judiciary and Social Policy; Gender and Society
• Notes Cue: Important SC ruling balancing POCSO with evolving social realities. Adds to debates on state intervention in personal liberties.

10. Vice-President Election Begins – EC Appoints RO
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Constitutional Posts; Electoral Process; Vice President’s Role
• Notes Cue: Adds to real-time example of Rajya Sabha presiding officer election. Connect with PR-STV system and separation of powers.

💡For all PSIR updates: t.me/psirsanthoshsir

#PSIRcurrentaffairs

4 months ago | [YT] | 8

Santhosh Rao sir classes

✅ PSIR Daily Dose (25th July 2025)

01. India, U.K. ink trade deal, extend framework of ties
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India–U.K. Relations; Bilateralism; Global Trade Architecture
• Notes: Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)-like deal covering tariffs, mobility, and post-Brexit economic alignment. Enriches bilateral diplomacy answers.

02. The India-U.K. FTA spells a poor deal for public health (Editorial)
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: Trade Agreements; Public Health Diplomacy; WTO & TRIPS
• Notes: Critical view on FTA clauses weakening domestic regulatory autonomy in food and medicine sectors. Useful for critiques on neoliberal globalisation.

03. At UNSC, India says Gaza ceasefire a ‘must’, reaffirms support to Palestine
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India’s Stand on Global Issues; West Asia Policy; UN System
• Notes: India’s diplomatic balance — supporting Palestine while urging ceasefire. Adds nuance to India’s Global South solidarity and strategic autonomy.

04. The fault lines in India’s electoral architecture are visible (Editorial)
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Electoral Reforms; Electoral Integrity; Democratic Institutions
• Notes: Discusses exclusion, duplication, and data discrepancies in electoral rolls. Valuable for answers on ECI, reforms, and voter disenfranchisement.

05. PM’s Maldives trip signals improved ties
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: India and its Neighbourhood; SAGAR Doctrine; Indian Ocean Diplomacy
• Notes: Strategic outreach to Male under SAGAR. Useful for Indo-Pacific questions and maritime diplomacy.

06. Dalits, Adivasis, and women at core of new cooperation policy: Amit Shah
• Paper: I
• Syllabus Link: Social Justice; Empowerment of Vulnerable Groups; Inclusive Governance
• Notes: Announces 2nd major policy post-2002 focusing on marginalised groups. Add to welfare and social inclusion debates.

07. Brazil to join South Africa’s Gaza genocide case against Israel at ICJ
• Paper: II
• Syllabus Link: International Criminal Law; Global South Solidarity; ICJ Jurisdiction
• Notes: Reflects increasing Global South activism in international legal forums. Adds value to Global Governance and South–South Cooperation answers.

💡For all PSIR updates: t.me/psirsanthoshsir

#PSIRcurrentaffairs

4 months ago | [YT] | 22

Santhosh Rao sir classes

Choice is yours 😁

5 months ago | [YT] | 28