عن أبي قتادة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن صوم يوم عرفة فقال كفارة سنتين
Narrated from Abū Qatādah al-Anṣārī Raḍi-Allāhu ‘Anhu that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ was asked about fasting of the day of 'Arafah so he said: “It is an expiation for *TWO YEARS* (of minor sins).”
● [رواه أحمد ٢٢٠١١]
سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن صيام يوم عرفة فقال: يكفر الله به السنة التي قبلها والتي بعدها
In another narration; The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ was asked regarding fasting of the day of 'Arafah so he said: “Through it Allāh expiates (sins) of the year which was before it and the year which is after it.”
● [صحيح الجامع ، رقم الحديث : ٣٨٥٣ ، صححه الألباني]
⚠ *IMPORTANT NOTE* ⚠ Imām an-Nawawī Raḥimahullāh mentioned in the Sharḥ of Ḥadeeth regarding fasting of the 'Arafah: “And what is meant by sins in here are the *MINOR SINS.*”
As for the major sins, they require sincere Tawbah,
قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها: ما من السنة يومًا أصومه أحبُّ إلي من أن أصومَ يوم عرفة.
‘Ā`ishah رضي الله عنها: “There is no day of the year that I love to fast *MORE* than the day of ‘Arafah.”
● [صحيح ، ابن الجعد ٥١٢]
The Prophet [ﷺ] said about fasting on the day of ’Arafah for those not performing the Haj:
❝It expiates sins of the previous year as well as the following year.❞
● [Reported By Muslim, (No. 1250)]
What do I do if the fasting Day of ʿArafah falls on a Jumuʿah? Can I fast on Friday without fasting the day before? | Ibn Bāz and Ibn Qudāmah
We hope that there is no sin upon you because your intention is not to single out Friday with fasting. The purpose of your fast is only because it is the Day of ʿArafah. However, if you fast the day before it also (i.e. Thursday) then that is safer because the Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) prohibited us from singling out Friday with optional fasting. So if you were to fast Thursday alongside Friday, then that is safer even if you intend the Day of ʿArafah and not Friday itself.
As for singling out Friday with fasting due to the virtue of Friday, then that is not permitted because the Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) forbade that. However, if he fasts it on its own because it is the Day of ʿArafah, then we hope that there is no issue with that, but being prudent by fasting Thursday along with it is safer.
(Source Nūr ʿalad-Darb slightly abridged)
Ibn Qudāmah (rahimahullāh) said in al-Mughnī: “A man fasts one day and withholds the next day (and carries on in that manner). So his withholding coincides with a Thursday and his fasting coincides with a Friday, and then his withholding coincides with Saturday. So does he fast Friday on its own? This person did not deliberately single out Friday for his fast. It is only hated if he deliberately intends Friday on its own
Evidence of the Prohibition of Music in the Qur'an and Sunnah:
Allah says in chapter Luqmaan:
{And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing, etc.) to mislead (men) from the Path of Allâh without knowledge, and takes it (the Path of Allâh, the Verses of the Qur'ân) by way of mockery. For such there will be a humiliating torment (in the Hell-fire).} (Quran 31: 6)
The scholar of the nation, Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This means song. Mujaahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This means playing the drum (tabl). (Tafseer al-Tabari, 21/40).
Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This verse was revealed concerning song and musical instruments (literally woodwind instruments). (Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 3/451).
Al-Sa'di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This includes all kinds of forbidden speech, all empty talk and lies, and all the nonsense that encourages unbelief and disobedience; the words that say things to refute the truth and argue to support lies and defeat the truth; and slander, gossip, lies, insults and profanity; songs and musical instruments by Shaytaan; and musical instruments that have no worldly or spiritual benefit at all. (Tafseer al-Sa'di, 6/150)
Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ) said:
The view regarding musical instruments of the four different imams is that it is haraam. It was reported in Saheeh al-Bukhaari and elsewhere that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that there will be among his ummah those who allow fornication, silk, alcohol and musical instruments, and he said that they will be turned into monkeys and pigs... None of the followers of the Imams reported any dispute regarding music.
(al-Majmoo ', 11/576).
Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله) said:
"He who increases in listening to poetry [or music] for the purpose of improving his heart, his desire to listen to the Qur'an will decrease to the level where he will hate it!"
[Iqtida 'al-Sirat al-Mustaqim (v. 1, p. 542)]
Ibn Al-Qayyim (rahimahullaah):
"The sound of the Qur'an makes the soul calm, peaceful and relaxed, while the sound of music disturbs, excites and provokes it (the soul)."
[Badaa'i 'At-Tafseer 143/3]
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"In this Ummah there shall be collapsing of the earth, transformation and Qadhf." A man among the Muslims said: "O Messenger of Allah! When is that?" He said: "When singing slave-girls, music, and drinking intoxicants spread." Source: at-Tirmidhi (2212). Authentic according to al-Albani in Sahîh at-Targhib wat-Tarhib (2379).
Ibn ‘Umar رضي الله عنهما said:
“ I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placing his fingers in his ears when he heard wind instruments and music playing. ”
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عن أبي قتادة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن صوم يوم عرفة فقال كفارة سنتين
Narrated from Abū Qatādah al-Anṣārī Raḍi-Allāhu ‘Anhu that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ was asked about fasting of the day of 'Arafah so he said: “It is an expiation for *TWO YEARS* (of minor sins).”
● [رواه أحمد ٢٢٠١١]
سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن صيام يوم عرفة فقال: يكفر الله به السنة التي قبلها والتي بعدها
In another narration; The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ was asked regarding fasting of the day of 'Arafah so he said: “Through it Allāh expiates (sins) of the year which was before it and the year which is after it.”
● [صحيح الجامع ، رقم الحديث : ٣٨٥٣ ، صححه الألباني]
⚠ *IMPORTANT NOTE* ⚠
Imām an-Nawawī Raḥimahullāh mentioned in the Sharḥ of Ḥadeeth regarding fasting of the 'Arafah: “And what is meant by sins in here are the *MINOR SINS.*”
As for the major sins, they require sincere Tawbah,
قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها: ما من السنة يومًا أصومه أحبُّ إلي من أن أصومَ يوم عرفة.
‘Ā`ishah رضي الله عنها: “There is no day of the year that I love to fast *MORE* than the day of ‘Arafah.”
● [صحيح ، ابن الجعد ٥١٢]
The Prophet [ﷺ] said about fasting on the day of ’Arafah for those not performing the Haj:
❝It expiates sins of the previous year as well as the following year.❞
● [Reported By Muslim, (No. 1250)]
What do I do if the fasting Day of ʿArafah falls on a Jumuʿah? Can I fast on Friday without fasting the day before? | Ibn Bāz and Ibn Qudāmah
We hope that there is no sin upon you because your intention is not to single out Friday with fasting. The purpose of your fast is only because it is the Day of ʿArafah. However, if you fast the day before it also (i.e. Thursday) then that is safer because the Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) prohibited us from singling out Friday with optional fasting. So if you were to fast Thursday alongside Friday, then that is safer even if you intend the Day of ʿArafah and not Friday itself.
As for singling out Friday with fasting due to the virtue of Friday, then that is not permitted because the Prophet (salallāhu ʿalaihi wasallam) forbade that. However, if he fasts it on its own because it is the Day of ʿArafah, then we hope that there is no issue with that, but being prudent by fasting Thursday along with it is safer.
(Source Nūr ʿalad-Darb slightly abridged)
Ibn Qudāmah (rahimahullāh) said in al-Mughnī: “A man fasts one day and withholds the next day (and carries on in that manner). So his withholding coincides with a Thursday and his fasting coincides with a Friday, and then his withholding coincides with Saturday. So does he fast Friday on its own? This person did not deliberately single out Friday for his fast. It is only hated if he deliberately intends Friday on its own
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Salafi Stories
Evidence of the Prohibition of Music in the Qur'an and Sunnah:
Allah says in chapter Luqmaan:
{And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing, etc.) to mislead (men) from the Path of Allâh without knowledge, and takes it (the Path of Allâh, the Verses of the Qur'ân) by way of mockery. For such there will be a humiliating torment (in the Hell-fire).}
(Quran 31: 6)
The scholar of the nation, Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This means song. Mujaahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This means playing the drum (tabl). (Tafseer al-Tabari, 21/40).
Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This verse was revealed concerning song and musical instruments (literally woodwind instruments). (Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 3/451).
Al-Sa'di (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This includes all kinds of forbidden speech, all empty talk and lies, and all the nonsense that encourages unbelief and disobedience; the words that say things to refute the truth and argue to support lies and defeat the truth; and slander, gossip, lies, insults and profanity; songs and musical instruments by Shaytaan; and musical instruments that have no worldly or spiritual benefit at all. (Tafseer al-Sa'di, 6/150)
Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ) said:
The view regarding musical instruments of the four different imams is that it is haraam. It was reported in Saheeh al-Bukhaari and elsewhere that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that there will be among his ummah those who allow fornication, silk, alcohol and musical instruments, and he said that they will be turned into monkeys and pigs... None of the followers of the Imams reported any dispute regarding music.
(al-Majmoo ', 11/576).
Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله) said:
"He who increases in listening to poetry [or music] for the purpose of improving his heart, his desire to listen to the Qur'an will decrease to the level where he will hate it!"
[Iqtida 'al-Sirat al-Mustaqim (v. 1, p. 542)]
Ibn Al-Qayyim (rahimahullaah):
"The sound of the Qur'an makes the soul calm, peaceful and relaxed, while the sound of music disturbs, excites and provokes it (the soul)."
[Badaa'i 'At-Tafseer 143/3]
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"In this Ummah there shall be collapsing of the earth, transformation and Qadhf." A man among the Muslims said: "O Messenger of Allah! When is that?" He said: "When singing slave-girls, music, and drinking intoxicants spread."
Source: at-Tirmidhi (2212). Authentic according to al-Albani in Sahîh at-Targhib wat-Tarhib (2379).
Ibn ‘Umar رضي الله عنهما said:
“ I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placing his fingers in his ears when he heard wind instruments and music playing. ”
● [بو داود ٤٩٤٣ ، احمد ٢ \ ٨ ، أ الألباني]
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