MediConcepts Academy

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1. Poliomyelitis (Polio)

Cause: Poliovirus

Transmission: Fecal-oral route (contaminated food/water)

Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in neck, and in severe cases, paralysis.

Vaccine: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) or Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Note: Polio has been eradicated in many countries due to extensive vaccination campaigns.

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2. Neonatal Tetanus

Cause: Clostridium tetani bacteria

Transmission: Infection occurs in newborns due to unclean delivery practices.

Symptoms: Muscle stiffness, spasms, difficulty feeding

Vaccine: Tetanus Toxoid (TT) given to pregnant women to protect newborns.

Note: It is preventable by ensuring clean delivery and maternal vaccination.

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3. Measles

Cause: Measles virus

Transmission: Airborne droplets from coughs/sneezes

Symptoms: High fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, rash

Vaccine: MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine

Note: Measles can cause serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and death.

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4. Diphtheria

Cause: Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Transmission: Respiratory droplets

Symptoms: Sore throat, fever, swollen glands, thick gray coating in throat

Vaccine: DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) vaccine

Note: The disease can cause breathing problems, heart failure, and death if untreated.

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5. Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Cause: Bordetella pertussis bacteria

Transmission: Droplet infection

Symptoms: Severe coughing fits followed by "whoop" sound, vomiting, exhaustion

Vaccine: DPT vaccine

Note: Highly contagious, especially dangerous for infants.

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6. Hepatitis B

Cause: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Transmission: Contact with infected blood, body fluids, or from mother to child at birth

Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, liver failure (in chronic cases)

Vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine

Note: Can lead to chronic liver disease or liver cancer if untreated.

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7. Childhood Tuberculosis (TB)

Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Transmission: Airborne droplets

Symptoms: Persistent cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats

Vaccine: BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine

Note: BCG is especially given to newborns to protect against severe TB in children.

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Final Note from the Slide:

These diseases can be prevented and even eradicated through proper vaccination, like smallpox which has already been eradicated globally due to effective vaccination efforts.