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Pathology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 50-year-old man has his left forearm immobilized in a cast for 7 weeks after a fracture. When the cast is removed, the forearm circumference is 3 cm smaller than the right.
The cellular process responsible for this change also occurs in which of the following?
15 hours ago |[YT] | 4
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Pathology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 29-year-old woman has right flank pain and a palpable flank mass. CT shows a large fat-containing mass in the right kidney and several smaller similar masses in the left kidney. She undergoes right nephrectomy.
Image description: Cut section of the kidney showing a well-circumscribed, yellow-tan mass with areas of hemorrhage. Histology shows mature adipose tissue, thick-walled blood vessels, and smooth muscle.
Which additional finding is most likely in this patient or would have been present at birth?
1 day ago |[YT] | 3
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Endocrinology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 15-year-old boy's father has von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease with a history of retinal angiomas and renal cell carcinoma. Genetic testing shows the boy carries the same germline VHL mutation. He is asymptomatic, and examination is normal.
Regular surveillance with which test is most likely to benefit this patient?
2 days ago |[YT] | 6
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Embryology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
Researchers study kidney development in mouse embryos. When the ureteric bud is surgically removed, the metanephric mesenchyme fails to form nephrons. When the metanephric mesenchyme is removed, the ureteric bud fails to branch into collecting ducts. Each tissue needs signals from the other to develop.
This same type of signaling interaction also occurs between which of the following?
3 days ago |[YT] | 5
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Anatomy USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 45-year-old man notices tender lumps in his right groin and behind his right knee. Examination shows enlarged, tender right superficial inguinal lymph nodes and enlarged right popliteal lymph nodes. The rest of the examination is normal.
Which of the following lesions best explains this pattern of lymphadenopathy?
4 days ago |[YT] | 3
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Physiology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 26-year-old healthy man from sea level travels to a mountain town at 4,000 m. He has headache and mild breathlessness for the first few days. After 2 weeks he feels better.
Arterial blood gas (room air, day 14): pH 7.45, PaO₂ 52 mm Hg, PaCO₂ 29 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻ 19 mEq/L.
Which physiologic change has most likely occurred?
5 days ago |[YT] | 5
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Cardiology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 1-day-old girl has puffy hands and feet. Examination shows a short neck with loose skin folds at the back, a broad chest with widely spaced nipples, and nonpitting edema of the dorsa of the hands and feet. Blood pressure is 88/60 mm Hg in the right arm and 60/40 mm Hg in the right leg.
Labs: Serum albumin 3.6 g/dL (normal); urinalysis negative for protein.
What is the most likely cause of the edema?
6 days ago |[YT] | 7
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Anatomy USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 24-year-old rugby player is tackled from behind and develops severe pain in the left lower back that worsens with deep breathing. He is tachycardic. There is bruising and point tenderness over the left posterior lower chest wall. CT shows an isolated fracture of the left 12th rib.
Which organ is most likely injured by the fractured rib?
1 week ago |[YT] | 4
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Pathology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 5-day-old boy develops a generalized seizure. He has a harsh murmur, low-set ears, a short philtrum, and a cleft palate. Chest x-ray shows absence of the thymic shadow. Echocardiogram shows truncus arteriosus.
Labs: Calcium 6.6 mg/dL (normal 8.5–10.5), phosphorus elevated, PTH low; CD3⁺ T cells low.
Which mechanism most likely explains this condition?
1 week ago |[YT] | 6
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Neurology USMLE Step1 @doctordc_online
A 4-year-old boy is evaluated for infantile spasms that began at 8 months, now generalized seizures, and developmental delay. Examination shows several oval hypopigmented macules on the trunk (seen better under a Wood lamp) and small reddish papules over the nose and cheeks.
Image description: Axial MRI of the brain showing multiple small nodules lining the walls of the lateral ventricles (subependymal), some of them calcified, and cortical/subcortical areas of abnormal signal (cortical tubers).
What is the most likely nature of these brain lesions?
1 week ago |[YT] | 6
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