MBBS BABA

Mendelian disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene and follow Mendel's laws.

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 months ago | [YT] | 33

MBBS BABA

FUNGI CLASS-11 BIOLOGY NCERT NOTES

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2 months ago | [YT] | 12

MBBS BABA

Endoplasmic Reticulum FOR NEET EXAM

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 months ago | [YT] | 13

MBBS BABA

Flower Morphology Class 11 Biology

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 months ago | [YT] | 8

MBBS BABA

Plant Morphology Class 11 NCERT NOTES!

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4

2 months ago | [YT] | 9

MBBS BABA

Mitochondria All Important Points For Exam!

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 months ago | [YT] | 8

MBBS BABA

Animal Kingdom Class 11 NCERT Notes

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 months ago | [YT] | 26

MBBS BABA

Phylum Porifera

They are multicellular, aquatic animals commonly known as sponges.

Body is porous with a system of canals and chambers for water circulation.

Support is provided by skeleton made of calcareous or siliceous spicules and spongin fibers.

Phylum Cnidaria

Animals exhibit radial symmetry with two body layers: ectoderm and endoderm.

Possess cnidocytes containing nematocysts for defense and capturing prey.

Body forms include polyp (sessile) and medusa (free-swimming) stages.

Phylum Ctenophora

Known as comb jellies, they have eight rows of ciliary plates called comb rows.

Body is transparent, gelatinous, and exhibits biradial symmetry.

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4

3 months ago | [YT] | 16

MBBS BABA

Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.

Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water or food.

Incubation period ranges from 6 to 30 days.

Clinical presentation includes sustained high fever (up to 40°C), relative bradycardia (Faget sign), and abdominal symptoms.

Other signs include hepatosplenomegaly, coated tongue, and a faint, salmon-colored rash (rose spots) on the trunk.

Laboratory findings often show leukopenia, anemia, and elevated liver enzymes.

Definitive diagnosis is by blood culture during the first week; stool and urine cultures become positive later.

Widal test detects antibodies but has limited sensitivity and specificity.

First-line treatment involves fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins; azithromycin is an alternative.

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 months ago | [YT] | 3

MBBS BABA

Kingdom Monera consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms without membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.

Cells have a rigid cell wall made mainly of peptidoglycan (except some groups).

Reproduction is primarily asexual through binary fission.

Bacteria exhibit diverse nutrition modes: autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) and heterotrophic.

Some bacteria are motile using flagella; others are non-motile.

Bacteria are found in almost all habitats, including extreme environments.

Types of bacteria based on shape:

Cocci (spherical)
Bacilli (rod-shaped)
Spirilla (spiral-shaped)
Types of bacteria based on nutrition:

Autotrophic bacteria: photosynthetic (e.g., Chromatium) and chemosynthetic (e.g., Nitrosomonas)
Heterotrophic bacteria: saprophytic (decomposers) and parasitic (disease-causing)
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria containing chlorophyll a and phycobilins.

Cyanobacteria perform oxygenic photosynthesis, releasing oxygen into the environment.

They are commonly found in aquatic habitats and moist soils.

Skip the Carousel

1 2 3 4

3 months ago | [YT] | 10