गुरुDiksha

The rules under the Anti-Paper Leak Law by the Centre marks a significant stride in ensuring the integrity and fairness of public examinations in India. The Public Examinations (PREVENTION OF UNFAIR MEANS) ACT, 2024, which has been operationalized, reflects the commitment to safeguarding the sanctity of recruitment processes conducted by various public bodies, including the Union Public Service Commission, the Staff Selection Commission, and others. This law, unprecedented at the national level, aims to eliminate unfair practices that have long plagued these crucial examinations. The Anti-Paper Leak Law is a legislative milestone. The provisions for stringent penalties-ranging from three to five years of imprisonment for cheating and five to ten years for those involved in organised cheating crimes, along with a minimum fine of Rs 1 CRORE-are designed to serve as a robust deterrent against malpractice.

1 year ago | [YT] | 13

गुरुDiksha

New Bill Passed
"The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024—the anti-paper leak law for examinations for central recruitment and entrance into central educational institutions—came into effect on Friday, June 21"

1 year ago | [YT] | 11

गुरुDiksha

The doctrine of sovereign immunity is a legal principle that protects the government from being sued without its consent. This doctrine has its roots in the English common law, where it was based on the belief that the king could do no wrong.

In the United States, sovereign immunity applies to both the federal government and state governments. However, both levels of government have the power to waive their immunity. The federal government did this when it passed the FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT (FTCA), which allows people to sue the federal government for certain types of torts.

State governments have also waived their sovereign immunity in varying degrees. Some states have passed comprehensive tort claims acts similar to the FTCA, while others have only waived immunity for certain types of torts, such as negligence or wrongful death.

Even when a government has waived its sovereign immunity, there are still some limits on liability. For example, governments may not be liable for discretionary acts, which are those that involve the exercise of government policy or judgment. Governments may also not be liable for acts that are committed in the course of a military operation or a law enforcement activity.

Here are some examples of torts that may be subject to sovereign immunity:

✓Negligence by a government employee
✓Wrongful death caused by a government vehicle
✓Injury caused by a defective government product.
✓False arrest or imprisonment
✓Malicious prosecution

If you have been injured by a government employee or agency, you should first determine whether the government has waived its sovereign immunity for the type of tort that you have suffered. If the government has waived immunity, you may be able to file a lawsuit against the government to recover damages. However, it is important to note that there may be limits on the government's liability.

If you are unsure whether the government has waived immunity for your particular case, you should speak with an attorney. An attorney can help you assess your legal options and advise you on the best way to proceed.

2 years ago | [YT] | 6

गुरुDiksha

Karnataka High Court.

2 years ago | [YT] | 6

गुरुDiksha

Extraction of Indian Constitution

COUNTRIES : Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution

1 Canada
*Federal system based on union
*Advisory Jurisdiction of Supreme court
*Appointment of State Governors by the centre
*Vesting Residuary Power in centre

2 UK (Britain)
*Bicameralism
*Parliamentary Privileges
*Single Citizenship
*Rule of law
*Constitutional position of President
*Prerogative Writ
*Cabinet System
*Legislative Procedure

3 US
*Impeachment of President
*Removal of High Court and Suprem court Judges
*Post of Vice President
*Judicial Review
*Fundamental Right
*Independence of Judiciary
*Written Constitution
*Federal Constitution

4 Ireland
*Directive Principles of State Policy
*Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha
*Election of President

5 Australia
*Concurrent list
*Freedom of Trade, Commerce and Intercourse
*Joint sitting of two House of Parliament

6 Japan
*Procedure established by law

7 USSR (Russia)
*Fundamental Duties
*Ideal of Social, Economical and Political in Preamble.

8 Germany
*Emergency Provision

9 France
*Republic
*Ideal of Equality in Preamble

10 South Africa
*Procedure of Amendment in Indian Constitution
*Election of Member of Rajya Sabha

2 years ago | [YT] | 4

गुरुDiksha

@गुरुDiksha

IMPORTANT NOTES :--

BOMBAY HIGH COURT-
Search without warrant can't be conducted after the sunset under NDPS Act.


JAMMU AND KASHMIR HIGH COURT-
FIR can be registered on complaint recieved via whatsapp

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2 years ago | [YT] | 6

गुरुDiksha

IMPORTANT NOTES:-

DIFFERENT KINDS OF WITNESS.

1. Prosecution Witness : who brought by Prosecution to support his claim .

2. Defence witness : who produced by defendant to defence his case.

3. Eye Witness : who was present at crime scene and has first hand information.
Evidentiary Value is high.

4. Child witness: can be of any age who capable of understanding questions and can give rational answer.
Section/118 Indian Evidence Act deal with child witness.

5. Dumb Witness : one who is not capable to give oral evidence.
Section 119 Indian evidence act deal with dumb Witness.

6. Star witness : also known as eye witness of case.
Evidentiary Value high.
Most important witness in trial.

7. Interested witness : the person who having the direct interest in the conviction of accused just due to enemity, any reason.

8. Injured witness : who suffer Injury because of his presence at spot.

9. Chance witness : who become witness by chance
Eg bystander

10. Stock witness : who remain at backfoot of police and came in front by direction of police to give evidence against accused.
Stock witness used by police at time of raid.

11. Hostile witness : who give statement against the person who brought him.

12. Related witness : where relative of person called .

13. Known witness : where victim and accused known to witness.

14. Accomplice witness : who is connected with crime and give statement in court.

15. Material witness: who has knowledge but not part of crime.

16. Dock witness: who identify the accused of crime .

17. Hearsay witness : who himself not saw but hear from the others.

18. Trap/decoy/spy witness: who lay down trap and want his trap to be successful.
His evidence not accepted unless corroborated.
ETC..

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2 years ago | [YT] | 8

गुरुDiksha

Hindu Law:-
Some major ground for Divorce under The Hindu Marriage Act:-

1. Cruelty
2. Desertion
3. Conservation
4. Insanity
5. Venereal Disease
6. Renunciation
7. Presumption of death
8. Bigamy
9. Rape, Sodomy or Bestiality etc..

2 years ago | [YT] | 6

गुरुDiksha

2 years ago | [YT] | 9

गुरुDiksha

*Kinds of Punishment under IPC, 1860*

1. Death Penalty
2. Life Imprisonment
3. Imprisonment
4. Forfeiture of Property
5. Fine

For More Information plz like and subscribe our channel 🙏☺️🙏

2 years ago | [YT] | 4