Beautiful Mind IAS

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Beautiful Mind IAS

Answer writing skills for UPSC civil service exam
1. Start directly. Give a clear and logical answer.
2. When asked to analyse, do logical analysis but try to substantiate your view with real examples and possibly with research findings.
3. When asked to explain, don't waste your time on the mere description of the phenomenon in the question. Explain its reason.
4. Likewise, critical evaluation, compare and contrast have its own meaning for the answers. Follow them properly.

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Beautiful Mind IAS

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Q: An observation is evaluated for its external, internal and construct validity. Elucidate 10 marks.
Model Answer Hint: In Psychology, we engage in different sorts of observations like naturalistic observation, controlled observation, correlation observation, indirect observations through psychological test and inventory.
Every observation serves a purpose. When psychologists aim to determine whether boys are more aggressive than girls, they must conduct naturalistic observations. The focus here is on enhancing external validity (generalizability) by ensuring that nothing is added or removed from the observer's perspective.
In a controlled observation, or experimentation, the focus is on enhancing internal validity. Triplett conducted a research study in social psychology to test the hypothesis that "people perform better in the presence of others than when alone." His effort was to control all other influences except for the presence of others, thereby enhancing the internal validity, which is the linearity of the relationship between the variable under observation.
Raymond Cattell identified two forms of intelligence: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. His observation stemmed from the idea that certain aspects of intelligence are involved in processing new information, while others pertain to the extent of one's knowledge. Thus, observations are guided by the relevant construct. Without such constructs, observations would lack substance. In every observation, three types of validity exist, varying in their degree.

Please note that validity extends beyond tests, which are an indirect form of observation; it applies to all types of observations. A test is simply one form of observation...

Arun Kumar

Mentor -Psychology optional, Beautiful Mind-IAS.

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Beautiful Mind-IAS test series| essay, psychology..

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Psychology optional Foundation Course 2026

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