ancient2004

Head of the god Amun
1336–1327 B.C.
New Kingdom,Amarna Period
The braided beard and the flat cap with remnants of double plumes identify this god as Amun. His small eyes are separated by a curved depression from the rounded brow ridge; his broad face shows full lips with sharp contours, and, from the side, a slightly drooping chin. These features closely parallel those of King Tutankhamun and mark the piece as his commission. The statue was certainly created for Karnak, Amun's great temple at Thebes, as part of Tutankhamun's restoration of the god's monuments that had been defaced or destroyed during the reign of Akhenaten. A number of sculptures depict Amun touching the crown of Tutankhamun, who stands or kneels before him. This head seems very large for such a composition, however; thus it is likely that the head originally belonged to a large freestanding or seated figure of the god.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 23

ancient2004

Tutankhamun's ostrich feather fan.
it was made of wood and ‘covered with sheet gold’. As was usual in fans of this type, the handle culminated in papyrus and, around the edge, 30 brown and white feathers had once been arranged. What made this fan unusual, however, was that, according to the inscription, the feathers had come from an ostrich killed by Tutankhamun himself. A pair of decorative scenes embossed on the palm commemorate the hunt. On the obverse there is the chase. The king is in his chariot, drawing his bow to shoot a pair of startled-looking birds while his faithful sloughi hound runs beside the galloping horses. On the reverse, there is the haul. Well pleased with his success, Tutankhamun rides at a leisurely pace, carrying a bunch of wing feathers under his arm and preceded by two attendants carrying the ostriches he has just felled.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 30

ancient2004

Relief Depicting the Purification of Queen Kiya
1353–1336 B.C.
New Kingdom, Amarna Period
This fragment is from a scene showing a royal woman undergoing a ritual of purification. The zigzag lines represent water being poured over her head from a jar held by the small hand at the upper left of the relief. The woman originally wore a Nubian wig similar to the one carved on a canopic jar lid from this period. Later the wig was filled in with gypsum plaster, which was modeled and recarved into the elaborately dressed sidelock of hair worn by Akhenaten's daughters, but some of the plaster has fallen out. Judging by the facial features and the original wig, the figure probably was intended to represent Queen Kiya, a beloved secondary wife of Akhenaten. This queen seems to have died several years before the end of the king's reign, and her images were invariably altered to represent one of his older daughters, as on this relief.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 1

ancient2004

Stela of Aafenmut
924–889 B.C.
Third Intermediate Period.
The small wooden stela is topped by the solar barque in the sky, which is supported by the emblems of the east (on the right) and the west (on the left). Aafenmut, identified here as a Scribe of the Treasury, offers incense to the seated sun god, Re-Harakhty, who is shown as a mummy with the head of a falcon. Aafenmut is in festival dress, wearing a pleated, diaphanous robe, a broad collar, and bracelets. On his head is a cone of scented wax and a lotus bud. Between the two figures is an offering table piled high with bread, fruit, and flowers.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 31

ancient2004

Stela of Dedu
2000–1952 B.C.
Middle Kingdom
The two lines of inscription at the top of this rectangular stela indicate that the monument belongs to a man named Dedu, born of Seni, and his wife Sitsobek, born of Nefret. In the center of the large scene, Dedu is shown striding forward over the ground line that is painted in three colors like a wall dado. He holds a long walking stick in one hand and carries a shorter stave with an upturned end in the other. His jet black hair is short, he sports a small goatee on his chin, and he wears an ornate broad collar, bracelets, and a short kilt with a triangular front panel. Sitsobek stands to the left, placing one hand on her husband’s shoulder and holding a mirror with a papyrus-shaped handle in the other. Her long tripartite hair is as black as Dedu’s, and she is shown wearing a green close-fitting dress with a single shoulder strap. In front of Dedu and Sitsobek are food offerings.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 23

ancient2004

Relief of a goddess offering a palm rib
825–773 B.C.
This temple relief depicts a goddess raising her right hand behind what remains of a notched reed along the right margin of the block. The slightly raised position of the goddess's hanging left arm suggests that it was bent at the elbow so that her left hand grasped the reed. The palm branch, stripped of its leaves and notched to serve as a tally, was an Egyptian sign for "year," and gods were believed to present the reed, usually accompanied by either the sign for "one hundred thousand" or multiple jubilee signs, to the king as a promise of a long reign. Such presentations usually occurred in connection with birth, coronation-like ceremonies, or heb-sed festivals-jubilees traditionally celebrated after thirty years of rule.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 26

ancient2004

Lintel of Amenemhat I and Deities
1981–1952 B.C.
Middle Kingdom
In this relief Amenemhat I is shown celebrating his thirty-year jubilee (Sed Festival), ritually demonstrating that he was still vigorous and fit to rule. The king is flanked by the jackal-headed god Anubis and the falcon-headed Horus, deities closely associated with coronation rituals; each god offers him an ankh, the hieroglyph for life. To the left stands Nekhbet, patron goddess of Upper Egypt (the south), and on the right is Wadjet of Lower Egypt (the north), creating a symmetrical composition that evokes the unified land. The king wears a tightly curled wig, with an uraeus cobra on his brow to protect him from his enemies, and the false beard of kingship. He carries a flail, also a symbol of his rule, and a ceremonial instrument known as a mekes.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 26

ancient2004

This relief shows a kneeling Seti I presenting his jubilees to and enthroned Ptah. The jubilees are visualized by a figure of Heh, the god of eternity, depicted in a crouching position. He his holding a (leafless) palm stem in each hand, which symbolized long life to the Egyptians, the years being represented by the notches on the stem.
Ptah, wearing his distinctive blue cap, is writing on a small table, which he holds in his lower hand, probably recording the jubilees.
On the right we see Ra-Horakhty inscribing the name and the jubilees of the pharaoh on the leaves of the Ished tree. The Ished tree was a sacred tree of which it was thought that the gods wrote the name of the kings at coronation and jubilee festivals, to assure them that their names, and thus their lives, would be perpetuated. The original Ished tree was said to have grown in the temple of Ra at Heliopolis.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 28

ancient2004

The first prosthesis in history.
The history of this artifact dates back to the daughter of one of the priests of Amun in the Third Intermediate Period, who suffered from a blockage in the arteries that led to the amputation of a toe with her right foot. The amputation process was very skillful, which led to the wound healing completely, and so that she could lead her life normally. The prosthetic limb was made of wood, through three parts that were wrapped with strips of natural leather, so that she could walk normally, and polish the prosthetic limb well to avoid any Friction with the skin as it was flattened to bear the body, and the tip was sculpted to exactly resemble the anatomical character of the finger, and the spacers act as natural hinges.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 17

ancient2004

1390 BCE – 1352 BCE
Amenhotep III ruled Egypt for nearly four decades, until his death around 1352 BCE at the age of 48. When he became king, he inherited a wealthy, powerful state, in part due to the military success of his grandfather, Tuthmoses III. Many scholars say Amenhotep III ruled during the cultural and political apex of ancient Egyptian civilization. His reign was marked by unprecedented prosperity, political stability, and the creation of some of ancient Egypt’s most magnificent complexes, including an elaborate mortuary temple intended for rituals and offerings to honor the pharaoh in perpetuity.
During the reign of Amenhotep III, Egypt began to export her culture and goods throughout the Mediterranean and the Near East. The pharaoh was in regular correspondence with the Babylonians, the Mitanni.

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3 years ago | [YT] | 42