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Nursing Exam Mcq

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Nursing Exam Mcq

(((Best Topic)))
Assalam-o-Alaikum everyone! Welcome back to our Nursing Exam
MCQs channel.
Today we are starting one of the most important topics in
Nursing Science: Acid–Base Balance and ABG Interpretation.
This topic is extremely
important for AIIMS NORCET, RRB Nursing Superintendent, ESIC,
DSSSB, Staff Nurse, Nursing Officer, ICU, Emergency, and NCLEX examinations.
If you understand this
topic well, you will be able to
solve most ABG questions confidently.
What is Acid–Base Balance?
Acid–Base Balance is the
body's natural mechanism that maintains the normal pH of blood and body fluids.
Our body continuously produces acids during normal metabolism.
If these acids are not removed or neutralized, they can disturb the body's internal environment and affect
vital organs.
Therefore, the body
works continuously to keep the blood pH within a very narrow normal range.
Definition
Acid–Base Balance is
the physiological process that maintains hydrogen ion concentration
(H⁺) within normal limits to keep blood pH stable.
Why is Acid–Base Balance
Important?
Every organ in the body depends on a normal pH.
When pH changes:
Enzymes stop working
efficiently.
Heart rhythm may
become abnormal.
Oxygen delivery to
tissues decreases.
Brain function becomes impaired.
Muscle contraction is affected.
That is why maintaining normal
pH is essential for life.
What is pH?
The word pH stands for Potential of Hydrogen.
It measures the concentration
of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
0–6.9 = Acidic
7 = Neutral
7.1–14 = Alkaline (Basic)
Normal Blood pH
The normal arterial blood pH is:
7.35–7.45
This value is one of the most important numbers in nursing and critical care.
What Happens if pH Falls Below 7.35?
This condition is called Acidosis.
Common effects include:
Weakness
Drowsiness
Confusion
Headache
Cardiac arrhythmias
Coma (in severe cases)
What Happens if pH Rises Above 7.45?
This condition is called Alkalosis.
Common effects include:
Tingling of hands and feet
Muscle cramps
Anxiety
Tetany
Seizures (in severe cases)
Three Defence Systems
The body maintains acid–base balance through three important systems:
1. Buffer System
Acts within seconds and immediately resists changes in pH.
2. Respiratory System
The lungs regulate carbon dioxide (CO₂) within minutes.
3. Renal System
The kidneys regulate hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) over hours to days.
Clinical Importance for Nurses
A nurse should understand acid–base balance because it helps in:
Reading ABG reports.
Caring for ICU patients.
Managing ventilated patients.
Identifying respiratory and metabolic disorders.
Providing safe emergency care.
Quick Revision
Acid–Base Balance maintains normal blood pH.
Normal blood pH = 7.35–7.45
pH < 7.35 = Acidosis
pH > 7.45 = Alkalosis
Three defence systems: Buffers, Lungs, Kidneys