The Heroic Khan

A Bowl of enthroned ruler with attendants and horsemen, a favorite theme in late Seljuk and post-Seljuk art, late 12th–early 13th century

The enthroned ruler is a favorite theme in late Seljuk and post-Seljuk art. Surrounding him here are attendants and horsemen hunting with falcons and trained cheetahs—imagery associated with kingship and aimed at augmenting its potency. Peacocks were also considered regal because of the astral symbolism of their feathers’ “eyes” and were commonplace in royal gardens due to their presumed presence in Paradise. A popular belief associating rulers with blessings may explain the appeal of such imagery on objects used beyond the realm of the court.

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2 days ago (edited) | [YT] | 10

The Heroic Khan

Chaharmahal Turks 🐺

Chaharmahali Turks (چهارمحال تۆرکلری Çəharməhal Türkləri) are a Turkic people who live in the Chaharmahal region of Iran and speak Chaharmahali Turkic.

• Demographics :

Chaharmahal Turks comprise 12.1% of the population of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, and about 30% of the population of Chaharmahal region itself. The majority of their population is in the counties of Saman, Ben, Shahrekord, Borujen and Farsan. They are Shia Muslims.


• Chaharmahali Turkic language :

Chaharmahali Turkic (چهارمحال تۆرکیسی Çəharməhal Türkîsi/چهارمحالی تۆرکی Çəharməhali Türkî) or is a proposed Oghuz Turkic variety spoken in Iran's Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and in western Isfahan province, where it is described as "Esfahan Province Turkic" by linguists. It is an understudied and generally unclassified variety of Oghuz Turkic distinct from Azerbaijani and Qashqai, being closer to the latter. Chaharmahali Turkic is not to be confused with "Charmahali Persian," a Persian dialect spoken in the same region.

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3 days ago (edited) | [YT] | 17

The Heroic Khan

Muhammad Juki Mirza 🇺🇿

Muhammad Juki Mirza (1402–1445) was a Timurid prince and a son of the Central Asian ruler Shah Rukh. He served as one of his father's military commanders and may have been favoured as his preferred successor. However, he died of illness in 1445, predeceasing Shah Rukh by two years.

HISTORY

Born on 27 April 1402, Muhammad Juki was the youngest of the three sons of Shah Rukh by his empress consort, Gawhar Shad. Somewhat younger than his full brothers Ulugh Beg and Baysunghur, Muhammad Juki also appears to have held a lower status.

He began his military career with his father's first campaign against the Qara Qoyunlu in Azerbaijan in 1420-21, during which he is recorded to have led troops. In later years, he played an important part in Shah Rukh's major military expeditions and seems to have been a common presence at court. He appears to have performed the role of a sort of troubleshooter, often being sent on special missions requiring status and finesse, such as dealing with difficult local rulers and frontier regions. At one point, he was instructed to lead an army into Transoxiana, the domain of his brother Ulugh Beg, when the latter was discovered to be planning an expedition which their father had not approved.In 1425-6, Barak Khan, ruler of the Golden Horde laid claim to and began raiding the region of Sighnaq. Though Shah Rukh forbade a retaliatory expedition, in 1427, both Muhammad Juki and Ulugh Beg embarked on one regardless. This resulted in their heavy defeat and disordered return to Samarqand.

While his brothers received appointments as provincial governors at a young age, he was only given his first posting in 1429-30, over the region of Khuttalan. Following the death of Baysunghur, Muhammad Juki appears to have become his father's favourite as well as his desired heir, though his mother was opposed to his candidacy, instead preferring Baysunghur's son Ala al-Dawla. Gawhar Shad kept Muhammad Juki excluded from positions of power, refusing him any influence in the divan, something which was bestowed on Ala al-Dawla as well as his other nephew Abdal-Latif. Additionally, she did not honour any of his children by raising them in the royal court, as she had done with the sons of his elder brothers.

When Shah Rukh fell dangerously ill in 1444, Muhammad Juki, by then also governor of Balkh, immediately moved to the capital Herat in order to gain an advantage in the expected succession struggle. However, Gawhar Shad had already obtained the backing of the head of the military forces, Jalal ud-din Firuzshah, for Ala al-Dawla's accession. These preparations proved to be pointless when Shah Rukh unexpectedly recovered from his illness. However Firuzshah, already being investigated for abuse of power by Muhammad Juki on the emperor's orders, had angered the former with his backing of Ala al-Dawla. Muhammad Juki presented his findings to Shah Rukh, who reprimanded the noble. Unable to bear the disgrace, Firuzshah died of illness soon after.

Muhammad Juki, suffering from a lingering illness which may have been exasperated by Gawhar Shad's hostility, died in Sarakhs in 1445, predeceasing his father. His governorships of Khuttalan and Balkh passed to his sons Abu Bakr and Muhammad Qasim respectively.


FAMILY

Wives and concubines :

- Mihr Nigar Khanum: daughter of Shams-i-Jahan, Khan of the Chagatai Khanate

- Bakht Dawlat

- Bulghan Mughul

- Khanum: daughter of Edigu

- Taj al-Islam Khan: daughter of Qara Osman, ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu


Issues :

• By Mihr Nigar Khanum :

- Suyurghatmish
- Tukal Khanum

• By Bakht Dawlat :

- Muhammad Qasim (b.1422)
- Abu Bakr (1427 – 1448?)
- Sa'adat Sultan

• By Bulghan Mughul :

- Ali (1423 – 1424)
- Qutlugh Sultan
- Zubayda Sultan

_________________________________________________

Post 1 : Portait of Muhammad Juki Mirza
Post 2 : Flag in the name of Timurid prince Muhammad Juki

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4 days ago (edited) | [YT] | 11

The Heroic Khan

Do you play video games ? And if so, which ones ?

Also what are your favorite video games?

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5 days ago (edited) | [YT] | 7

The Heroic Khan

Çifte Minareli Medrese, Seljuk monument of the city of Erzurum 🇹🇷

The Twin Minaret Medrese (Çifte Minareli Medrese, also known as Hatuniye Medresesi) is an architectural monument of the late Seljuk period in Erzurum City, Erzurum Province, Turkey. Built as a theological school a few years before 1265, it takes its name, Twin Minaret Madrasa, from the two fluted minarets that crown the monumental façade.

The Twin Minaret Medrese is thought to be the model for the Gök Medrese in Sivas. According to the inscription on the portal, it was built in 1271 by Khudavand Khatun, the daughter of Seljuk Sultan Kayqubad I. The madrasa probably had an impact on the Buruciye Madrasa too.

The east entrance of the madrasa and the enormous stone facade of ornamental brick and tile masonry with two minarets are remarkable works of art.

On each side of the entrance there is a panel. The right side is decorated with a double-headed eagle. The motif on the left side does not seem to be completed.

• Architectural features :

Its tomb is the largest in Erzurum. The twin minarets, each 26 meters high and decorated with colorful tiles, give this historical monument its name. It has a courtyard, two floors, four iwans, 37 rooms, and a mosque. It is built on an area of ​​1,824 m² (38 m x 48 m). It is the largest example of a madrasah with an open courtyard in Anatolia. The portal on the north facade is a true work of art. Rather than a portal, it features fountain niches and two semicircular buttresses. The pulpits of the partially ruined minarets, made of brick with 16 flutes and inlaid with turquoise tiles, are also noteworthy. The cylindrical minarets rising from either side of the portal are decorated with brick and mosaic tiles. The names of "Allah," "Muhammad," and the "first four great caliphs" are also engraved on the tile-adorned minarets.

The plant decorations surrounding the portal, along with the "dragon," "tree of life," and "eagle" motifs within the thick molded panels, constitute the most striking feature of the façade. To the right and left of the portal are four reliefs, one on each side. The one on the right features a double-headed eagle panel. Geometric decorations, the most prominent element of the Twin Minaret Madrasa's architecture, are most prominently found on the column shafts in the courtyard, the door moldings of the student rooms, and the front facades of the iwans. Plant decorations are also present on the portal, on the surfaces of the arches connecting the courtyard columns, and on the interior of the dome. The completed tree of life and eagle motifs on the front facade are believed to represent power and immortality, rather than a coat of arms, in Central Asian and Turkish beliefs.

The courtyard is entered through the portal. Nineteen rooms are located on the ground floor and eighteen on the first floor. The courtyard, measuring 26x10 meters, is surrounded by porticoes on all four sides. It is understood that the square space to the west of the entrance was once used as a prayer room. The ground floor's porches rest on thick columns. Most of the columns are cylindrical, and four have octagonal shafts. The rooms are covered with barrel vaults. The second floor of the madrasah is designed as four independent groups, separated by four iwans. It is impossible to access another section without descending to the first floor. The cells (rooms) on the second floor, like those on the lower floor, are rectangular. They are constructed of crushed stone and covered with a barrel vault. The distinctive shapes found on the upper floor doors are absent from the upper floor doors.

• Destruction :

Important and valuable architectural elements of the madrasa, particularly the entrance doors to the madrasa and the tomb within, were removed by the Russians during the Russian occupation of Erzurum and taken to Russia. The damage to the side walls of the entrance door to the upper floor of the madrasa's tomb, in particular, indicates extensive damage to the madrasa. Furthermore, the large and long interlocking chain of solid marble that hung from the ceiling of the tomb's upper floor (which also features corners for each section, resembling the mihrabs of the period's religious scholars) has been removed. Only the ring attached to the ceiling at the very top remains. The tiles and carved stone motifs removed from this section are on display at the Leningrad Museum.



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1 week ago (edited) | [YT] | 13

The Heroic Khan

Crimean Tatar, Uzbek and Proto Turkic - Turkic languages


- Numbers :

Crimean Tatar / Uzbek / Proto-Turkic

1 / bir / bir / *bīr
2 / eki / ikki / *ẹk(k)i
3 / üç / uch / *üč
4 / dört / toʻrt‍ / *tȫrt
5 / beş / besh / *bẹ̄ĺ
6 / altı / olti / *altï
7 / yedi / yetti / *yẹt(t)i
8 / sekiz / sakkiz / *sekiŕ
9 / doquz / toʻqqiz / *tokuŕ

10 / on / o'n / *ōn
20 / yigirmi / yigirma / *yẹgirmi
30 / otuz / o'ttiz / *otuŕ
40 / qırq / qirq / *kïrk
50 / elli / ellik / *ellig
60 / altmış / oltmish / *altmïĺ
70 / yetmiş / yetmish / *yẹtmiĺ
80 / seksen / sakson / *sekiŕ ōn
90 / doqsan / to'qson / tokuŕ ōn

100 / yüz / yuz / *yǖŕ
1000 / miñ / ming / *bïŋ


- Personal pronouns :

Crimean Tatar / Uzbek / Proto-Turkic

I / men / men / *bẹ
You / sen / sen / *sẹ
He, she / o / u / *ol
We / biz / biz / *biŕ
You / siz / siz / *siŕ
They / olar / ular / ?


- Colors :

Crimean Tatar / Uzbek / Proto-Turkic

kök (sky, blue) / koʻk (sky, blue) / *kȫk (blue, green, sky)
yeşil (green) / yashil (green) / *yāĺïl (green)
qara (black) / qora (black) / *kara (black)
aq (white) / oq (white) / *āk (white)
sarı (yellow) / sariq (yellow) / *sārïg (yellow, white)
qızıl (red) / qizil (red) / *kïŕïl (red)


- Vocabulary :

Crimean Tatar / Uzbek / Proto-Turkic

Sun / kün / kun / *kün
Moon / ay / oy / *āy
Star / yıldız / yulduz / *yulduŕ
Water / su / suv / *sub
Rain / yağmur / yomgʻir / *yagmur
Lake / göl / koʻl / *kȫl
Sea / deñiz / dengiz / *teŋiŕ
Salt / tuz / tuz / *tūŕ
Stone / taş / tosh / *tāĺ
Earth, ground, land / yer / yer / *yẹr
Soil, land / topraq / tuproq / *toprak
Mountain / dağ / tog' / *tāg
Cloud / bulut / bulut / *bulït
Wind / yel / yel / *yẹl
Snow / qar / qor / *kār
Fire / ateş / o't / *ōt

Day / kün / kun / *kün
Night / gece / kecha / *kēče
Month / ay / oy / *āy
Year / yıl / yil / *yïl

There is / bar / bor / *bār
There is not / yoq / yo'q / *yōk
Who / kim / kim / *kem
What / ne / na / *nē-
Where / qayda / qayerda / kanta
When / qaçan / qachon / *kačan
All, whole, entire / bütün / butun / *bütün
Few, a little / az / oz / *āŕ
Big, great / büyük, buyuk / buyuk / *bedük
Smal, little / kiçik / kichik / *kičüg
Far / uzaq / uzoq / *uŕak
Long / uzun / uzun / *uŕïn
Short / qısqa / qisqa / *kïsga

Dog / it, köpek / it / *ï̄t, *köpek
Cat / mışıq, pisik / mushuk / *pišik
Bird / quş / qush / *kuš
Cow / sıyır / sigir / *sïgïr
Fish / balıq / baliq / *bālïk
Snake / cılan, yılan / ilon / *yï̄lan
Pig / domuz / toʻngʻiz *toŋuz
Lion / arslan / arslon / *arsïlan

Hair / saç / soch / *sač
Beard / saqal / soqol / *sakal


- Verbs :

Crimean Tatar / Uzbek / Proto-Turkic

To drink / içmek / ichmoq / *ič-
To eat / aşamaq / yemoq / *yē-
To spit / tükürmek / tupurmoq / *tüpkür-
To laugh / külmek / kulmoq / *kül-
To see / körmek / ko'rmoq / *kör-
To hear / eşitmek / eshitmoq / *ẹĺit-
To listen / diñlemek / tinglamoq / *tïŋla
To know / bilmek / bilmoq / *bil-
To die / ölmek / o'lmoq / *öl-

To kill / öldürmek / o‘ldirmoq / *öltür-
To hit / urmaq / urmoq / *ur-
To cut / kesmek / kesmoq / *kes-
To dig / qazmaq / qazimoq / *kaŕ-
To swim / yüzmek / yuzmoq / *yüŕ-
To fly / uçmaq / uchmoq / *uč-
To walk, to go / yürmek / yurmoq / *yorï-
To come / kelmek / kelmoq / *kẹl-
To go, to go away / ketmek / ketmoq (to leave) / *kē(y)t-
To lie down / yatmaq / yotmoq / *yat-
To sit down / oturmaq / o‘tirmoq / *oltur-

To stand / turmaq / turmoq / *tur-
To fall, to fall down / tüşmek / tushmoq / *tüĺ-
To give / bermek / bermoq / *bēr-
To take / almaq / olmoq / *al-
To grasp, to hold / tutmaq / tutmoq / *tut-
To rub / sürtmek / surtmoq / *sür(-t)-
To wash / yuvmaq / yuvmoq / *yū-
To push / itemek / itarmoq / *it-
To throw / atmaq / otmoq / *at-


_________________________________________________

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1 week ago (edited) | [YT] | 14

The Heroic Khan

DNA results of a Pontic Greek (He has NO Greek ancestry)

• Bronze Age Period :

58.0% Bronze Age Anatolian (3400-1500 BC)
21.4% Bronze Age Caucasian (3700-1700 BC)
17.8% Copper Age Zagros (6000-5700 BC)
2.8% Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (2000-1600 BC)

Percentage of Greek DNA : 0%


• Iron Age :

59.0% Anatolian (780-30 BC)
22.8% Colchian (780-30 BC)
11.0% Mannaean (1030-800 BC)
7.2% Phoenician (1000-330 BC)

Percentage of Greek DNA : 0%


• Late Antiquity :

42.2% Roman Anatolia (100 BC-AD 700)
27.4% Lazica
21.2% Roman Mesopotamia (AD 600-850)
9.2% Armenia (BC 100-AD 300)

Percentage of Greek DNA : 0%


• Middle Ages :

50.0% Byzantine Anatolia (AD 500-1100)
32.0% Kartvelian
10.4% Levantine (AD 300-1300)
7.4% Armenian (AD 1030-1300)
0.2% North Caucasian (AD 650-1160)

Percentage of Greek DNA : 0%

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1 week ago (edited) | [YT] | 14

The Heroic Khan

Gelin Koçu, an Anatolian Turkish tradition of Shaman origin 🧿

The Gelin Koçu is a tradition that reflects the ram cult, which has been part of the Turkic people's belief system for thousands of years. In ancient Turkic belief, the ram symbolized masculinity, strength, fertility, and a protective spirit. In nomadic life, the ram-being the leader of the flock-was associated with the continuity of life and the preservation of lineage.

In Turkic Shamanism, the ram:

• Is a bearer of Kut (life force) - Believed to bring strength and prosperity to newlyweds.
• Is a sacrificial animal - Offered to God and protective spirits during weddings, births, and rites of passage.
• Wards off evil - The ram's head or horns were hung on homes to drive away evil spirits and protect against the evil eye.

In weddings, the Gelin Koçu is led at the front of the procession; it clears the way, brings good fortune, and is sacrificed as a votive offering. Red cloth strips tied to its horns symbolize the protection of fire, white cloths represent purity, flowers signify fertility, and horn adornments symbolize strength and the cycle of life.

_________________________________________________

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1 week ago (edited) | [YT] | 10

The Heroic Khan

Governor of Merv, wearing the Turkic Sharbush, aqbiya turkiyya coat, tiraz armbands, and boots in the book "Maqāmāt al-Ḥarīrī".

The Maqāmāt al-Ḥarīrī (Arabic: مقامات الحريري) is a collection of fifty tales or maqāmāt written at the end of the 11th or the beginning of the 12th century by al-Ḥarīrī of Basra (1054–1122), a poet and government official of the Seljuk Empire.

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1 week ago (edited) | [YT] | 17